TIMBER DESIGN

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The process of arranging interconnecting, sizing and
proportioning the members of a structural system in order to
safely carry a given set of loads without exceeding the
allowable stresses of the materials employed.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
The process of determining the ability of a structure or any of
its constituent members to safely carry a given set of loads
without materials distress or excessive deformation, given the
arrangement, shape, and dimensions of the members, the types
of connections and supports utilized and the allowable stresses
of the materials employed. For an existing structure the process
is also known as structural rating.
BENDING MOMENT
An external moment tending to cause part of a
structure to rotate or bend, equal to the algebraic sum
of the moments about the neutral axis of the section
under consideration

RESISTING MOMENT
An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending
moment, generated by a force couple to maintain
equilibrium of the section being considered.

DEFLECTION
The perpendicular distance spanning member deviates
from a true course under transverse loading,
increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an
increase in the moment of inertia of the section or the
modulus of elasticity of the material.
BENDING STRESS
A combination of compressive and tension stresses
develop
at the cross sectional of the structural member to resist
a transverse force having a maximum value at the surface

furthest from the neutral axis.

NEUTRAL AXIS
An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the
cross section of the beam or other member subjected to
bending ,Along w/c no bending stress occurs.

SECTION MODULUS
A geometric property of a cross section, define as the
moment of inertia of the section divided by the
distance from the neutral axis to the most remote
surface.
MOMENT OF INERTIA
The sum of the products of each element of the area
and the square of its distance from coplanar axis of
rotation.
Geometrical property that indicates how the cross
sectional area of the structural member is distributed
and does not reflect the intrinsic physical properties of
the materials

SHEARING STRESS
The force per unit area develop along a section of
elastic body to resist a shear force.
 EXTERNAL
LOAD

dx THE
DIFFERENTIAL
OF THE VALUE
OF X
 A. BEAMS
General Formulas:
a) Flexure/ Bending Stress Formula

fb = = where S=

b) Shearing Stress Formula:

fV =
where: M= maximum bending moment due to external loading
C = distance from the neutral axis to the outer most fibers of beam
I = moment of inertia of the beam cross section with respect to N.A
V= maximum vertical shear due to external loading
Q= static moment of an area ( above or below the section where fv is
desired) with respect to the neutral axis
b= width of the section where fv is desired.
 FLEXURAL / SHEARING STRESS FORMULAS FOR REGULAR
TIMBER CROSS-SECTION

RECTANGULAR SECTION fb= C= I=

Y
fb= fb =
d/4

d N. A
X
Q= x Q=
d/2

fv=
b

fv = 0r fv=
TRIANGULAR SECTION

b
Y
d/3 fb =
N.A
d/2
d 2/3d
d/2 fv =

b/2
CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION

D Y =4R/3∏
r r

fb =
fv=