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Introduction To Researchmethodologu Class 1

This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses what research is, including definitions from various sources. Some key reasons why people conduct research are to gain knowledge, solve problems, get intellectual satisfaction, and help society. Important aspects of research covered include choosing a research topic, conducting a literature review to identify gaps and avoid duplicating work, defining clear objectives, developing a research design and methodology, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and reporting results. The document outlines the typical steps and components involved in a research study and writing up a research report or thesis. It also distinguishes between different types of research such as applied vs pure research and quantitative vs qualitative methods.

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Anantha Krishnan
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35 views

Introduction To Researchmethodologu Class 1

This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses what research is, including definitions from various sources. Some key reasons why people conduct research are to gain knowledge, solve problems, get intellectual satisfaction, and help society. Important aspects of research covered include choosing a research topic, conducting a literature review to identify gaps and avoid duplicating work, defining clear objectives, developing a research design and methodology, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and reporting results. The document outlines the typical steps and components involved in a research study and writing up a research report or thesis. It also distinguishes between different types of research such as applied vs pure research and quantitative vs qualitative methods.

Uploaded by

Anantha Krishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research Methodology

OV313
Dr Anantha Krishnan
Introduction to Research Methodology

• Class 1

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 University of Kerala, Kariavattom 2


Research?

A careful investigation for new facts in any branch of


knowledge

Redman and Mory: Research is a systematic effort to gain


new knowledge

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 3


Research?

• Clifford Woody: Research-

• defining and redefining problems, formulating


hypothesis/objectives;

• collecting, organizing and evaluating data;

• making deductions and reaching conclusions;

• testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the


formulating hypothesis/objectives

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 4


Why do research?

Desire to get a research degree along with its


consequential benefits

Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved


problems

Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work

Desire to be of service to society

Desire to get respectability

Directives of government, employment conditions etc.


Tuesday, September 26, 2023 5
Why do research?...

Validate intuition

Improve methods

Demands of the Job

For publication/patent

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 6


Choose a subject

• Based on an idea

• Based on your experience

• Based on your reading

• Originality

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 7


The important features of a research
design
 A plan
Specify the sources & types of information
relevant to the research problem
 A strategy
Which approach will be used for gathering and
analyzing the data
 The time and budgets
Most studies are done under these two constraints

8/42
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Systematic- All steps must be inter


related- one to another

Logical- Agreeing with the principles of


logic

Empirical-Conclusions should be based


on evidences/observations
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH…
Objectivity- It must answer the research
questions
Replicable- reproducible
Transmittable
Quality control- Accurate measurements
All well designed and conducted research has
potential application

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 10


Define Your objectives

• Try to keep these simple

• The more variables the more difficult

• Use the opportunity

• Get help at this stage


• Senior colleagues

• Experienced researchers

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 11


Literature search

• Check to see if your idea is original


• Get articles
• Read articles and their references
• Most of these will be vital when writing up reports
• Find gap areas
• Find obsolete measurements and results
• Define objectives of the study

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 12


Steps involved in a research

• Choose a subject
• Literature survey
• Defining and formulation of specific objectives
• Prepare Synopsis
• Procuring of suitable apparatus/materials
• Design of experimental set up
• Preliminary experiments
• Execution of the project
• Accurate measurements/data collection

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 13


Steps involved in a research…

• Data analysis and error compounding


• Hypothesis testing and verification
• Results and discussion
• Generalization, interpretation and drawing conclusions
• Preparation of the project report or writing thesis

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 14


The Process of Research

5 2

4 3

15
Research article writing

Find suitable/specified journals Materials and methods


Get copy of Instructions to authors Results and discussion
Prepare article as per instructions Conclusions
Select suitable titles Acknowledgements
Authors and affiliations References
Abstract
Highlights
Novelty statements
Introduction

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 16


Authorship/ethics

• All authors should directly involved in entire study


• Article is free from plagiarism
• Should follow ethics

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 17


A Research Report
A Research Report generally include:

• Introduction and Statement of problem


• Review of relevant literature
• Statement of hypothesis or research objectives
• Theoretical resume
• Description of research design
• Description Experimental design
• Description of measurement and data analysis
• Error compounding
• Presentation of Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion, limitations, and implications
• Suggestions for future work
• Acknowledgements
• References cited
• Appendices
Types of research

1. Application- Pure and Applied Research


Applied- Finding solutions for immediate problems facing a
society/industry
Pure- Concerned with generalization and formulation of a theory

2. Inquiry Mode- Quantitative and qualitative


Quantitatative- Measurements of quantity or amount
Qualitative- Concerned with qualitative phenomena (reasons for
human behavior)

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 19


Research Studies
• Based on research objectives:

Exploratory or formulative research- To gain familiarity


with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it
descriptive research- To study accurately the
characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a
group-includes survey

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 20


Research Studies

Diagnostic research- To determine the frequency with


which something occurs or with which it is associated
with something else
hypothesis-testing research- To test a hypothesis of a
causal relationship between variables

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 21


Thank you

Tuesday, September 26, 2023 22

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