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Cell G

The document discusses the structure and components of cells. It defines the cell as the basic unit of life and notes that cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke and first observed under a microscope by Antony Van Leuwenhook. It describes the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and lists the major organelles found within cells like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, lysosomes and nucleus. It provides details on the structure and functions of these key cellular components.

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55 views

Cell G

The document discusses the structure and components of cells. It defines the cell as the basic unit of life and notes that cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke and first observed under a microscope by Antony Van Leuwenhook. It describes the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and lists the major organelles found within cells like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, lysosomes and nucleus. It provides details on the structure and functions of these key cellular components.

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You are on page 1/ 22

Govt. Girls. Sen. Sec.

School,
Hargobindpur (Ludhiana)
STRUCTURE OF CELL

 Definition:- The cell can be defined as


the functional & structural unit of life. All the
living organisms which we see are
essentially complex structure made up of
numerous co-ordinated compartments
usually called as cells. Cell is the basic unit
of life of all living organism.
STRUCTURE OF CELL

 Discovery:- Cell was discovered by


Robert Hook in 1665. He was first to use the
term cell while describing his findings on
thin slices of cork. He noticed that cork was
composed of honey-comb like
compartments in cells. In 1674, Antony Van
Leuwenhook was the first scientist who saw
bacteria, protozoa, and blood cells with his
own prepared microscope.
TYPES OF CELLS
• Prokaryotic Cell:- In these types of cells, the
genetic material is not properly organized.
DNA is not covered with nuclear membrane.
These lack distinct nucleus. e.g. blue green
algae, red blood corpuscles etc.

• Eukaryotic Cell:- In these cells genetic


material is inside the nuclear membrane and
these have a distinct nucleus. Many other
organelles are also covered with membranes.
e.g. mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosomes etc.
COMPARISON OF CELLS
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
2. In size these cells are • In size these cells are
very small. big.
3. There is only one • There are many
Chromosome. Chromosomes in this.
4. No Nucleolus in this cell • Nucleolus in this cell is
is available. available.
5. There are no Organelles • There are Organelles &
& membrane in these membrane in these cells.
cells.
COMPONENTS OF CELL
1. Cell Membrane
2. Plasma Membrane
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
4. Mitochondria
5. Chloroplasts
6. Ribosomes
7. Lysosomes
8. Vocuoles
9. Nucleus
10. Choromosomal Material
CELL MEMBRANE
The plasma membrane and all the membranes
covering various cell organelles present inside
the cell have same ultrastructure and all are
collectively called bio-membranes because these
play vital functions for the living cell. It is present
in both Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells. A
peculiar property of plasma membrane is its semi
permeable nature. Its primary function is to
regulate the exchange of materials between the
cytoplasm and extra cellular fluid.
CYTOPLASM

It is an amorphous, translucent,
homogeneous, colloidal ground substance
lying between the plasma membrane and
the nucleus. It is differentiated into two
parts
2. Cytoplasmic Matrix
3. Cytoplasmic Structures
FUNCTIONS OF CYTOPLASM
1. It provides raw material to various cell-organelles
for there functioning.
2. It helps in exchange of material between various
cell-organelles and also with ECF.
3. It is the site of biosynthesis of organic
biomolecules like fats, nucleotides, proteins etc.
4. It is the site of many catabolic path ways e.g.
glycolysis.
5. It helps in distribution of various materials inside
the cell.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

It is a well developed network of


interconnected cisternae, tubules and
vesicles present throughout the cytoplasm
specially in the endoplasm.
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
1. It acts as cell circulatory system and helps
in transportation of materials.
2. It helps in formation of primary lysosomes.
3. It also helps in synthesis of nuclear
envelop.
4. It helps in transfer of genetic information.
5. It helps in storage of synthetic products
like glycogen.
RIBOSOMES

These are the smallest known ribonucleo-


protein particles attached either on RER or
floating freely in the cytoplasm and are the
sites of protein synthesis.
FUNCTIONS OF RIBOSOMES
1. These are called protein factories
because these are the sites of protein
synthesize.
2. These also store rRNAs.
3. Free ribosomes produce non-secretory
proteins.
4. Bound ribosomes on RER synthesize
secretory proteins
MITOCHONDRIA

These are particularly in the shape of


sausage but may be rod shaped, flat etc.
Each mitochondrion has two membranes,
one outer plane membrane and inner
membrane having cristae. The matrix of
mitochondria contains lipids, proteins round
DNA and RNA .
FUNCTIONS OF MITOCHONDRIA
1. These are called power house of the cell
because these produce energy by oxidation of
food.
2. Many amino acids are also synthesized in
mitochondria.
3. It also regulates the calcium ion concentration
inside the cell.
4. Intermediate products of cell respiration are
used in formation of steroids cytochromes,
chlorophyll etc.
NAME OF STUDENTS

• Gagandeep Kaur
• Satwinder Kaur
• Simerjeet Kuar
• Jaskaran Kaur
• Harjeet Kaur
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Text Book Of 9th Class (Science)

• Text Book Of 10+1 Class (Biology)

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