BUS4009/ Digital Skills and Professional

Development

Lesson 4: Understanding Management and Leadership Skills

Tutor: Rehana K
Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

Recap: Previous Lesson

1. Lessons- a reminder of the topics

2. Lesson 4: Understanding management and leadership skills
3. Quick reminder on the assessment tasks
Module Lesson Plan
(one lesson every week)
Leadership and
Management
Understanding Skills
Leadership is one of those concepts that are very hard to define.
In the 19th century, Carlyle (1841) summarized the recurring ideas about
leadership in his theory of the "great man“ where leaders were exceptional
persons or heroes that were able to use their charisma, intelligence, wisdom,
and political skill to have power and influence over other people. In 1950
Stogdill defined leadership as "the process (act) of influencing the activities of
an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement". In
1961 Tannenbaum, Weschler and Massarik defined leadership as the
"interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation, and directed, through the
communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals"

Source: Silva (2016) What is Leadership?

Leadership Explained in 5 minutes by Simon Sinek - YouTube
Types of leaders?

•Formal
•Informal

What are their characteristics?

•Inspirational
•Charismatic
•Empathetic
•With a great level of integrity
•Communicative
Leader
Centre for Creative Leadership (2022) lists the following qualities of a good
leader:

•Integrity
•Ability to delegate
•Communication
•Self-awareness
•Gratitude
•Learning agility
•Influence
•Empathy
•Courage
•Respect
How To Become An Effective Leader - YouTube
Leader and follower
First Follower: Leadership Lessons from Dancing Guy – YouTube

Leadership and Followership: What Tango Teaches Us About These Roles in Life -
YouTube
The Skills of a Leader
• While traits play a role in leader effectiveness,
leadership also involves a set of skills and behaviors
that can be learned (Kouzes and Posner, 2007).
• Katz (2009) suggests leadership depends on three
basic personal skills: technical, human, and
conceptual. Question: What do these terms mean in a
work scenario?

Technical Skills – proficient in a type or area of

work, based on specific knowledge
Human Skills – Ability to work with people, creating
an atmosphere of trust and openness
Conceptual Skills – Ability to work with ideas and
concepts. Setting plans and direction. Cognitive,
business, and strategic skills.
Leadership and Management
Organisations do not just happen by themselves. Successful management makes
them possible. Good management makes them more prosperous.

According to Peter F. Drucker Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages:

business, managers and workers, and work. He published his ideas in the book “The
practice of management”

Drucker was in favour of creative management in opposition to bureaucratic

management promoted by Weber. According to Drucker, management is the key
organ of any organisation and a manager has to perform several functions such as:
-setting objectives, increasing productivity, organising and managing social impacts
and responsibilities, motivating employees.
Management

Who are managers?

✓ Head of the customer service
✓ Digital Marketing Manager
✓ Director of Operations
✓ Oversee day-to-day operations.
✓ Design strategy and set goals for growth.
✓ Maintain budgets and optimize expenses.
✓ Set policies and processes.
✓ Ensure employees work productively and develop
professionally.
✓ Oversee recruitment and training of new employees.
Comparing Management and Leadership
Read the article (on ilearn) Arruda,
W. (2016) – Arruda, W. (2016) 9
Differences Between Being A Leader
And A Manager Post your answers to
the following questions on Lesson 4
discussion forum on ilearn.
Arruda, W. (2016) 9 Differences
Between Being A Leader And A
Manager
1.Do you think leadership and
management are the same?
2. Can anyone be a leader or
manager in an organisation? Are
there any differences?
3. What would you say you are more
– a leader or a manager?
Manager

➢ An individual who fulfills a job role within the

organisation and is responsible for the results of a
department, how does it meet organisational KPO.
➢ A role that manages, directly and indirectly, a number of
human resources (employees), physical and financial
resources.
➢ Has accountability over achieving set objectives by their
line manager
Leaders Vs Managers
Leaders or Managers?

• Why do we need a leader in teams?

• • Can anyone lead?
• • Can leadership be distributed
amongst the team and have no
specific leader?

• Watch: Martin Danoesastro: What

are you willing to give up to change
the way we work? | TED Talk
Leadership theories

Some Leadership Theories:

• Lewin’s Autocratic and Democratic Leadership styles
• Blake and Mouton’s (1985) The Leadership Grid
• Likert’s (1967) Leadership behaviours (Task,
Relations, Participative, Shared)
• Fiedler’s Contingency Leadership Theory (leadership
style is a reflection of personality as well as behaviour
and is constant)
Leadership theories

Bass’ (1990) Transformational Leadership Theory

• According to Bass, transformational leadership can be defined
based on the impact that it has on followers.
• This model of leadership relies on the encouragement of a team
to realize overall success. By raising a team’s morale and self-
confidence, the team can then align itself to an overall vision or
common purpose.
• Transformational leadership is used to inspire team members to
work together as a single unit, rather than many individual parts.
For a stat so dynamic, it is no wonder that many researchers and
experts had a hand in its development.
• Examples: Richard Branson
Leadership Theories
 Why Structure organisations & work
around Groups & Teams? structure organisations & work
around Groups & Teams?

• The Power of Synergy: ‘The sum is

greater than the parts’
• Together Everyone Achieves
More-----TEAM
• Why do Geese fly in a V-
formation when they migrate?
• We can achieve more when we work
in teams by generating new ideas
and unleashing creativity and
innovation.
Driving the success through the successful management, leadership and motivation
Driving the success through
the successful management, leadership and motivation
Driving the success through the successful management, leadership and motivation

Individuals and teams can

achieve better effectiveness
and efficiency if appropriately
motivated Deci and Ryan
(1970) created a theory of
intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation that first identifies
motivators that are internal
such as passion, hobby, and
interest drive. They later define
external motivation that arises
on the bases such as rewards,
status, lifestyle, etc.
Types of
Teams
•Formal Team
•One created for a specific purpose
•Recognised as being official
•Set up to create a specific task or perform a specific purpose
•More rules and clear expectations

•Informal Team
•Less structured
•Often come together by circumstance e.g. employees in a company
•Work together to achieve a specific purpose
Rabbit and Tortoise (A Management Story)

https://youtu.be/kF4Bulj5bcs

What does it say to you about the possibilities of

teamwork?
Discuss as a class
Managing and leading individuals and teams
Group

People – individual, departmental, organisational levels “… any number

of people who interact with each other, are psychologically aware of
each other and think of themselves as a group.” (Schein, 1988)

“two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have

come together to achieve particular objectives” (Robbins, 2005)
Team

People – individual, departmental, organisational levels “

A team is a collection of individuals who are
interdependent in their tasks, who share responsibility for
outcomes, who see themselves and who are seen by
others as intact social entities embedded in one or larger
social systems…” (Cohen and Bailey, 1997)

“… small groups of interdependent individuals who share

responsibilities for outcomes for their organization…”
(Sundstrom et al, 1990)
What motivates you?
Conduct research on various motivational theories and analyse yourself.
What motivates you the most?
What type of leadership theory and approach to leadership appeals to you the most and why?
Motivation is an important part of managing people and their efforts
Lesson Summary
In this lesson, we evaluated the concepts of leadership and management and analysed how they differ
from each other. Moreover, we analysed a range of leadership and management skills and extended
discussions into the topics of motivation, empowerment, delegation, and building effective teams. We
have explored the topics by using academic and industry-based articles, together with the completion of
a range of individual exercises and activities to share with other students. The information in this lesson
will be useful as you develop your understanding of personal and management skills, and as you
progress towards becoming a business professional.
Module Assessment-reminder
Your assessment is a portfolio that has two tasks (each worth 50% module mark)
1. Short Report (1500 words) – here you are required to examine the digital
development of recent years and explain the continuing industrial advancement.
Provide an overview of the digital skills sections in demand and discuss examples
from different industries and the modern workplace. Your work must be research-
based and properly cited and referenced
2. Reflection (1500 words) –here you are expected to reflect on your own
management and leadership skills using a range of models. Also, you need to
develop and justify a personal development plan (PDP) that will facilitate an
increased level of effective management and leadership. Please combine three
non-digital and two digital skills. 3000 words is a maximum allowance.

You need to state the actual word count (which does not include a reference list,
appendices, diagrams, or content list page), on the cover page of your
submission. Exceeding the word count by over 10% will result in a 10% grade
deduction.
Key reading
Key Text:
Armstrong, M., (2016). Armstrong's Handbook of Management and Leadership for HR
Developing Effective People Skills for Better Leadership and Management. London: Kogan Page.
Other Texts:
Beetham, H., and Footing, S., (2019). Our digital capabilities framework: Building digital
capability.
Bristol: Jisc. Jisc, (2014). Developing Digital Literacies. Bristol: Jisc Laudon, K. and Laudon, P.,
(2019). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. Harlow: Pearson.
Sen, S., (2020). Digital HR Strategy: Achieving Sustainable Transformation in the Digital Age.
London: Kogan Page.
Silva, A., (2016). What is leadership? Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 8(1), 1-5. Retrieved
from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/what-is-leadership/docview/1831706711/se-
2
Sharma, S., (2020). Soft Skills: Personality Development For Life Success. Delhi: BPB
Publications.
Wheeler, S., (2019). Digital Learning in Organizations: Help your Workforce Capitalize on
Technology. London: Kogan Page

You are encouraged to reach out to more, relevant publications to evidence self-directed study
and expanded breadth of research
Q&A Session
References :

Adair, J.E., (2019). Develop Your Leadership Skills Fast, Effective Ways to Become a Leader People Want to Follow. 4th edition. London: Kogan
Page.
Available from: https://perlego.com/book/1589416/develop-your-leadership-skills-fast-effective-ways-to-become-a-leader-people-want-to-follow-pdf/?utm_source=arden&utm_medium=direct&utm_content=libraryreferral

Armstrong, M., (2020). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 15th edition. London: Kogan Page.
Available from: https://perlego.com/book/1589838/armstrongs-handbook-of-human-resource-management-practice-pdf/?utm_source=arden&utm_medium=direct&utm_content=libraryreferral

Armstrong, M., (2010). Essential Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page.
Available at: https://perlego.com/book/1589969/armstrongs-essential-human-resource-management-practice-a-guide-to-people-management-pdf/?utm_source=arden&utm_medium=direct&utm_content=libraryreferral

Armstrong, M., (2021). How to Be an Even Better Manager: A Complete A-Z of Proven Techniques and Essential Skills. 11th edition. London: Kogan
Page.Available from: https://perlego.com/book/2173914/how-to-be-an-even-better-manager-a-complete-az-of-proven-techniques-and-essential-skills-pdf/?utm_source=arden&utm_medium=direct&utm_content=libraryreferral

Bishop, S. (2013) Develop your assertiveness. Kogan Page.

Available at: https://perlego.com/book/1589729/develop-your-assertiveness-pdf/?
utm_source=arden&utm_medium=direct&utm_content=libraryreferral

McMillan, K. and Weyers, J., (2012). The Study Skills Book. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Available from: https://perlego.com/book/810804/the-study-skills-book-pdf/?utm_source=arden&utm_medium=direct&utm_content=libraryreferral

Back, K. and Back, K., 1991. Assertiveness at Work. Pitman 1st ed. London: McGraw Hill.
Mckenna, E., 1996. Business Psychology and Organizational Behaviour. London: Filman Publishing.

Turner, X., 1983. Developing Interpersonal Skills. Bristol Further Education College Staff.