DOING PHILOSOPHY

Doing Philosophy is not something new to

every individual. Philosophizing is innate
to everyone.

It is giving birth to knowledge and wisdom

using the things around us and the things
we experience
 WHO AND WHAT IS A PHILOSOPHER?

A philosopher is a lover of wisdom.

He/she puts meaning to what is out there, is
open to changes and discovery.
He/she does not stop knowing, wondering and
asking questions, hungers for truth, meaning
and of sense.
He/she goes beyond and experiences
transcendence.
A philosopher possesses a beautiful mind.
 6 M A I N BRACH E S OF P H I LO SOP H Y ( C OG N I T I V E BRAC H )
Metaphysics Logic Epistemology
• comes from the Greek words • A branch of philosophy that deals with • A branch of Philosophy that concerns with the definition
“meta” which means beyond the nature of thinking and reasoning of knowledge and related concepts such as the sources
and “physikon” which means using empirical support and and criteria of knowledge.
• Study of the nature, origin, and limits of human
nature. information which are reliable, valid knowledge
and objective. • Deals with nature, sources, limitation and validity of
• It is branch of philosophy which
is concerned with the nature of
•
•
THE COGNITIVE BRACH
it is the science of correct thinking.
Greek word logike means treatise on
knowledge
It Explains:
ultimate reality. matters pertaining to the human • 1. How we know what we claim to know
• To know what is real thought • 2. How we can find out what we wish to know
• explain our experience from • 3. How we can differentiate truth from falsehood
Addresses varied problems:
real vs. unreal Two Types of Logic • 1. the reliability
a. Deductive Reasoning – from a general • 2. extent
Thales truth to specific truth, rom universal truth to • 3. Kinds of knowledge, truth, language and science and
• Greek philosophers particular. scientific knowledge
• Claims that everything we b. Inductive Reasoning – from a specific Source of Knowledge
experience "reality" And truth to general truth, particular to 1. Induction
• gives importance to particular things seen, heard, and
everything else is universal.
touched
“appearance” • Forms general ideas through the examination of particular
• We try to explain everything Aristotle facts
else (appearance) in terms of • first philosopher to devise a logical  empiricist - advocates of induction method
water (reality) method  Empiricism - the view that knowledge can be attained only
• truth means the agreement of knowledge through sense experience
with reality 2. Deduction
gives importance to general law from which particular facts are
• logical reasoning makes us certain that
understood or judge
our conclusions are true  Rationalist
 advocates of deduction method from a rationalist, real
Zeno of Citium knowledge is based on the logic, the laws, and the
one of the successors of Aristotle and methods that reason develops
founder of Stoicism  main source of knowledge is deductive reasoning based on
self-evident principles or actions.
 Pragmatism - the meaning and truth of an idea are tested
 empirical - means Real by its practical consequences.
 treatise – study  Empirical – the source of knowledge is sense-perception.
 6 M A I N BRACH E S OF P H I LO SOP H Y ( N OR M ATI V E BR AC H )
Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy
• it comes from the Greek word • it is derived from the Greek word
“ethos” which means character. aesthetikos” which means one who is • It refers to a body of
• It is the science of correct doing. perceptive of things through his
sensations, feelings and intuitions.
knowledge that looks up on
• It is the study of what is right and
what is wrong in human behavior • it is concerned with the essence of the society, politics and the
in the pursuit of beauty and
goodness of life. • THE COGNITIVE BRACH
perception of beauty and ugliness.
people that makes it whole.
it is the science of the beautiful in its
• Explores the nature of moral various manifestations.
It is important because of the following:
• it is believed that society is
virtue and evaluates human
actions
1. it vitalizes our knowledge - it makes our
inseparable to politics
• study of the nature of moral knowledge of the world alive and useful.
judgments 2. it helps us to live more deeply and richly
• Philosophical ethics attempts to - a work of art helps is to rise from purely
provide an account of our physical existence into the real of intellect and
fundamental ethical ideas the spirit
• insists that obedience to moral
law be given rational foundation Hans-Georg Gadamer
• German philosopher who argues that our
Socrates tastes and judgments regarding beauty
• To be happy is to live a virtuous work in connection with one's own personal
life experience and culture
• Virtue is an awakening of the • our culture consists of the values and
seeds of good deeds that lay beliefs of our time and our society
dormant in the mind and heart of
a person which can be achieved
through self- knowledge

 virtuous – righteous/ good

 THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY CAN BE
CONSIDERED AS:
way of analyzing ideas and frameworks
way of examining a particular area of knowledge
Philosophy itself is a discipline with its own
goals, concerns, and ways of doing things.
use of information gathered from other fields of
knowledge and not just its own conclusions.
philosophy can be considered a reflective and
meditative activity.
PRACTICAL USES OF PHILOSOPHY IN OUR
LIVES:
 Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical
analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions,
arguments, and problems.
 Philosophy also improves problem-solving and
decision making.
 A philosopher is a good communicator who can
clearly and adequately present his or her ideas.
Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing
that refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to
daily life particularly in making sound choices and
judgment.
PRACTICAL USES OF PHILOSOPHY IN OUR
LIVES:

The reality of human life

confronts every person. But the
human being is sometimes
confined to his routine, hence
he loses track of what truly
matters in life
PRACTICAL USES OF PHILOSOPHY IN OUR
LIVES:

The truth that humans are

looking for is the truth about
what it means to be human
and how, as human beings, we
might be able to act more
freely.
 ASSIGNMENT
1. Describe (through poster, slogan,
essay, song, poem, drawing, etc.)
a situation in your life when you
were able to engage in philosophy.
2. What circumstances or dilemma
brought about your need to
philosophize?