INTRODUCTION TO

COMMUNITY-BASED
MANAGEMENT
MRS. JOCELYN L.INSTRUCTO
FUNTECHA
NSTP-CWTS 1
R
 COMMUNIT

Y
People living a specific area
 A social group of any size
whose members reside in
a specific locality, share a
government, and have
common cultural and
historical heritage
 A social system
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A COMMUNITY
1 Physical 5 characteristics
Structural

2 Community self-image
3 values
Community guiding
6 network
Communication

4 Community style
 TYPES OF
COMMUNITY

RURAL
 TYPES OF
COMMUNITY

URBAN
 TYPES OF
COMMUNITY
SUBURBAN
COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNITY
. Core represents the people that make up the
community; demographics of the population as
well as the values, beliefs and history of the people

. Eight subsystems of the community

Housing, education, fire and safety,
politics and government, health, communication,
economics, recreation
COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATIO
N
Process forged along people’s
empowerment and the essential formation of a self-
reliant organization that will facilitate development in
a sustainable manner
Involves a series of interrelated
activities aimed to unify the people into an
organization
COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATIO
N
Involves people’s participation in all
stages of the organizing process
Manifests the people’s collective will to
participate, voice out and be heard and to decide
as a unified group
 COMMUNITY
. People empowerment
ORGANIZATION (GOALS)
. Building organization . Social
. Building alliances/ . Leaders in
transformation

. Popular democracy
coalitions/linkages
development
COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATIO be for the people and from the people
6. Remember that development must

N (STEPS) 5. Do not appear as a savior or someone

who will solve people’s problems
4. Dress simply as possible and act as naturally as
you can as you enter the community
3. Do not regard yourself as superior or different from
the people in the community
2. Gather basic information about the place such as
culture, practices and the lifestyle of the people

1. Entry in the community

INTEGRATION WITH THE
PEOPLE
. Integrate yourself with the people
. Gradually join their small groups
. Slowly start working in the community
. Participate actively in production processes
. Participate
.
Seek out congregation places
in social activities
INTEGRATION WITH THE
PEOPLE
. Appearance, speech and behaviour should

. Choose
keep with the community
a modest and respected dwelling

. Adopt
family
a low key approach and profile,
never gamble or drink alcohol
INTEGRATION WITH THE
PEOPLE
. Avoid courting and flirting with the men and

. Be sensitive to the needs of the people

women in the community

. Go where the people are

. Trust and believe in the people
COMMUNITY STUDY OR
SITUATIONAL
ANALYSIS
. Facilitating people’s participation in
analyzing their situation and problems

. Raise the awareness and consciousness

of the people in handling national
problems
IDENTIFYING AND DEVELOPING
POTENTIAL COMMUNITY
LEADERS
Equip them with useful knowledge and
experiences to develop them into leaders
Educate and convince them that they can be
potential leaders to represent the group
Belongs to the poor sector
IDENTIFYING AND DEVELOPING
POTENTIAL COMMUNITY
LEADERS
Well respected
Willing to work for a change
Can find time, conscientious and resourceful
Communicate effectively
CORE GROUP
FORMATION
. Consist of the identified potential leaders
. Leaders are expected to meet and accept
the challenge to organize the rest of the
community projects
SETTING UP AND
DEVELOPING THE
ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
. People are now ready to set up their

.
organization
Election of their own leaders through the
democratic or participatory process of selection
STRENGTHENING THE ORGANIZATION
Give leaders a chance to move and work
together on their own
Let people learn how to identify the issues and
problems confronting them
Let them plan the various activities they can
perform together for the common good
Let them see their financial problems and how to solve
them by coming up with income-generating projects
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
Planned and organized effort to
assist individuals to acquire the attitudes, skills,
knowledge, and general capabilities required in their
democratic participation in the effective solution of
community problems in an order of priority
determined by increasing level of competence
C O M M U N I T YDEVELOPMENT
(Aims and Objectives)
1 Promote 3 Support
2 Sustain community action

(Major Purposes/Objectives
1 To help people 2 To develop techniques
employ the right relevant to the situation for
methods to organize socio-economic and
self-help activities cultural progress
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
(PRINCIPLES)
1 Focus on people’s 4 Integrated in approach
participation
5 Lead to empowerment of
2 Be attuned to the the people
demands of the people
6 Sustain the natural
3 Based on a theory that is environment as a socio-
tested, validated and relevant economic base
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT (FIVE
ELEMENTS)
1 A focus on the goals and needs of the
community
2 The encouragement of self-help
3 Technical assistance from governmental and
voluntary organizations which may include personnel,
equipment, supplies and money
4 Integration of various specialties
5 Felt needs of the people in the community
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
(FOUR GENERAL
PHASES)
1 information dissemination:
Issue/problem identification and

.
..
Real needs are distinguished from felt needs
Problems are defined and analyzed
Relationships developed
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
(FOUR GENERAL
PHASES)
1 information dissemination:
Issue/problem identification and

.
.
Rapport is established

.
Face-to-face interaction with people is made
Opinions are elicited and information is
disseminated
2 Mobilization of people/community
. People are stimulated to come together to

.
discuss problems

.
Meetings are called to identify community problems
People analyze problems together, set

.
objectives and plan and implement action
Potential leaders are identified and
committee work is stimulated
 .
3 Organization
Combination of constructive forces of men
and materials, machinery and money working
together in an orderly way

.
4 Education
Members of the community are educated to
assume responsibility for their organization and
to acquire the organizational skills and
techniques essential to organization
maintenance
G U I D E L I N E S FOR
COMMUNITY
.
WORKERS
.
Work with the poor and oppressed, not for them

.
Development is an awakening process

.
Let the people grow

.
Build up the people’s solidarity
Build up the people’s organization
S T RAT E G I C
PLANNING
1 Represents analytical strategy creation
and can lead to an intent

2 Useful framework for managing the

organization’s strategic resource
3 Provide means of controlling resource
allocation and fostering internal linkages
S T RAT E G I C
PLANNING
4
Translating goals/objectives into specific activities to
meet community needs or solve community problems

..
Answers:
How much? (quality of resources)

.
Of what? (programs, services, projects)

.
For whom? (target beneficiaries/clients)

.
Why? (to achieve what goals)

.
For how much? (social and economic costs)
What conditions? (with what other consequences)
P L A N N I N G (STEPS)
.. Diagnosis

.
What do we want to achieve in a particular period?

.
What are the possible ways of achieving this objective?
What are the advantages and disadvantages

.
of each proposal?

.
Which proposal do we accept?

.
Who will do what, when, where, and how?
At what point do we need to evaluate?
M O N I T O R I N G AND
EVALUATION MONITORING
. monere
. Process of periodically gathering data
pertaining to the status and formation of
the extent of project/program
implementation
PURPOSES OF
MONITORING
Provide a systematic method of collecting data on
the implementation of the plan as implementation
is taking place
Generate information that can be used for
evaluation of the plan
Detect problems in implementation as they
occur for proper corrective measures
E VALUAT I O N
. Process through which the effectiveness of
services is gauged against the goals which

.
the agency sets out to achieve
Heart of any program development process

EVALUATION (CLASSIFICATION)
. Participatory . Non-participatory
 EVALUATION
(KINDS)
. Ongoing . Concluding
( METHODS)
. ..
..
Written Observation

..
Informal-oral Survey

.
Structured interview Case study
Group discussion method Slides, photos, drawings