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The Nervous System-Ms

The document discusses the nervous system and its major components including the brain and spinal cord. It describes the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It provides details about different parts of the brain and their functions. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmission, and medical conditions affecting the nervous system.

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Onewinny Neung
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13 views

The Nervous System-Ms

The document discusses the nervous system and its major components including the brain and spinal cord. It describes the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It provides details about different parts of the brain and their functions. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmission, and medical conditions affecting the nervous system.

Uploaded by

Onewinny Neung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scie
ad e
th G r
8
 The nervous system and the endocrine
system regulate and control the activities of
the other body systems
 The nervous system may be divided into two
parts:
◦ central nervous system (CNS): made up of the
brain and spinal cord
◦ peripheral nervous system (PNS): made up of
cranial and spinal nerves
 The Brain
◦ Cerebrum*
◦ Cerebellum*
◦ Brain Stem*
◦ Medulla Oblongata*
◦ Thalamus**
◦ Hypothalamus**
◦ Midbrain
◦ & MORE!!
 The Spinal Cord
 Brain: major portion of the central nervous
system
◦ Cerebrum
 What we think of as “The Brain”
 Largest organ of the
nervous system
 Consists of two
hemispheres: Right and Left
 Brain (cont’d)
 Four Lobes
◦ Frontal-associated with reasoning, planning, emotions,
problem solving, movement
◦ Parietal-associated with movement, orientation,
recognition, perception of stimuli
◦ Occipital-associated with
visual processing
◦ Temporal-associated
with processing and
recognition of
sounds, memory, and
speech
◦ Activity-Stroop Effect
 Brain (cont’d)
◦ ventricles: spaces within the cerebrum that contain
a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which flows
through the space around the brain and spinal cord
◦ cerebral spinal fluid (CSF): clear, colorless fluid to
cushion the brain and spinal column from shock;
transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste
 Brain (cont’d)
 Medulla

◦ Controls involuntary actions


◦ Looks like a swollen lump
◦ Located at top of spinal cord
◦ Inside, two large cords of nerve fibers
 One from Left hemisphere
 One from Right hemisphere
 The cords cross here
 Brain (cont’d)
 Each half of the brain interacts with one half

of the body
 The connections are crossed
 Right brain-Left hand; Left brain-Right hand
 Left side dominant for language—talking and

understanding language
 Activity
 Brain (cont’d)
 Cerebellum

◦ Means “little brain”


◦ Size of a pear
◦ Located at the rear of cerebrum
◦ Coordinate movements via
commands from the cerebrum
◦ Activity: Balancing Act
 Brain (cont’d)
 Brain Stem
◦ Located below the cerebrum
◦ Connects the brain with the
spinal cord
◦ Sends messages from the
brain to the spinal cord
◦ Involved in cardiovascular
system control,
respiratory control,
pain sensitivity control,
alertness, awareness, and
consciousness
 Spinal cord
◦ Passes through the vertebrae extending from the medulla
oblongata to the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra; conducts
nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex
action to sensory information without input from the brain
◦ Responsible for primitive involuntary reactions called
reflexes
◦ Pairs of Spinal Nerves:
 Cervical (8)
 Thoracic (12)
 Lumbar (5)
 Sacral (5)
 Coccygeal (1)
 The nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
 Nerve: cordlike structure that carries

impulses from one part of the body to


another
 Connects the Central Nervous System to the

rest of the body


◦ Consists of two parts
 Somatic
Voluntary
 Autonomic
Automatic! Involuntary
 All the actions that we  All the actions that our
choose to do: brain controls without
Studying us knowing:
Practicing Sports Digesting
Singing Breathing
Regulating Body
What else?
Temperature
What else?

Voluntary Involuntary
12 pair of cranial nerves
31 pair of spinal nerves
 Cells of the nervous system are called
neurons
 13-33 Billion Neurons in the brain alone
 Parts of a Neuron
◦ Nucleus-stores genetic information
◦ Axon-string like structure that transmits impulses
to the next cell
◦ Dendrites-tree like structure that receives impulses
from the previous cell
◦ Cell Body-bulbous end that contains the nucleus
◦ Terminal Fibers-the end of the axon
◦ Myelin Sheath-insulation-like covering around axon
 A neuron has many of the same organelles
such as mitochondria, cytoplasm and a
nucleus, as other cells in the body.
 Neurotransmitters are chemicals or molecules
that help send synapses
 Neurons send and
receive impulses
electrochemically
 This is called a
synapse:
syn=together,
haptein=to clasp
 Each cubic mm of
brain contains roughly a billion synapses
 Synaptic cleft—space between neurons
 Axon terminal-part of neuron that sends

impulse to the next neuron


 Dendrite-part of neuron that receives impulse

from the previous neuron


 Head injury
 Problems with development
 Damaged or dead nerve cells
 Loss of blood flow to the brain
 Cancer
 Infection
Medical conditions of the
nervous system & how to
maintain and promote brain
health
 www.kidshealth.org
 Soccer and the brain, Football and the brain,
Skateboarding and Extreme Sports
 www.stroke.org
 Transient Ischemic Attack
 Cerebrovascular Accident
 www.spinalcord.org
 www.cdc.gov/meningitis
 Avoid tobacco, drug, and alcohol use
 Drink plenty of water
 Get sleep!
 Eat healthy foods
 Never compromise your breathing
 Wear helmets when pertinent
 6A:6-8
◦ Like other animals, human beings have body
systems for…coordination of body functions
◦ Although social behaviors are affected by both
genes and environmental factors, human beings are
still able to invent, learn, and modify a wide variety
of these behaviors
◦ Interactions among the senses, nerves, and brain
make possible the learning that enables human
beings to predict, analyze, and respond to changes
in their environment

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