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The Learning and Transfer of Training

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Raine Alama
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4 views

The Learning and Transfer of Training

Uploaded by

Raine Alama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning and

Transfer of Training
Learning Theories
• Reinforcement theory
• Social learning theory
• Goal theories
• Need theories
• Expectancy theory
• Information processing theory
Reinforcement theory

Emphasizes that people are motivated to perform or avoid certain


behaviors because of past outcomes that have resulted from those
behaviors.
Two types of Processes:
• Positive Reinforcement
• Negative Reinforcement
Social learning theory

Emphasizes that people learn by observing other persons


(models) whom they believe are credible and knowledgeable.
- Self-Efficacy
Verbal persuasion, logical verification, observation of others
(modeling), and past accomplishments.
Social learning theory
Goal theories

Assumes that behavior results from a person’s conscious goals


and
intentions.
Goal Orientation:
Learning Orientation and Performance Orientation.
Need theories

Need theories help explain the value that a person places on


certain outcomes. According to Abraham Maslow’s and Clayton
Alderfer’s need theories focused on physiological needs,
relatedness needs (needs to interact with other persons), and
growth needs (self-esteem and self-actualization).
Expectancy theory

This theory suggests that a person’s behavior is based on three


factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
Information processing theory

Compared to other learning theories, information processing


theories give more emphasis to the internal processes that occur
when training content is learned and retained.
Information processing theory
The Learning Process

• The Mental and Physical Processes


• The Learning Cycle
The Mental and Physical Processes
Processes of Learning External Instructional Events

1. Expectancy 1. Informing the learner of the lesson objective


2. Perception 2. Presenting stimuli with distinctive features
3. Working storage 3. Limiting the amount to be learned
4. Semantic encoding 4. Providing learning guidance
5. Long-term storage 5. Elaborating the amount to be learned

6. Retrieval 6. Providing cues that are used in recall

7. Generalizing 7. Enhancing retention and learning transfer

8. Gratifying 8. Providing feedback about performance


correctness
The Learning Cycle
• Learning can be considered a dynamic cycle that
involves four stages:

• Concrete experience

• Reflective observation

• Abstract conceptualization and

• Active experimentation.
Characteristics and Dominant learning stage of individuals in each
style

• Divergers

• Assimilators

• Convergers

• Accommodators
Learning Style Type Dominant Learning Abilities

Diverger • Concrete experience


• Reflective observation

Assimilator • Abstract conceptualization


• Reflective observation

Converger • Abstract conceptualization


• Active experimentation

Accommodator • Concrete experience • Active experimentation

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