Lesson 1: Hydrocarbons

What is a
hydrocarbon?
• A hydrocarbon is any of a class of organic
chemicals made up of only the elements
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The carbon
atoms join together to form the framework of
the compound, and the hydrogen atoms attach
to them in many different configurations.
 Classification of hydrocarbons

Alkanes Alkenes Alkyenes

-Singe bond -Double bond - Triple bond

 1. Alkane
• A satured compound also known as paraffins
• A hydrocarbon that contains single bond
 Alkane
• The suffix
"ane" is used in naming
an alkane.

Eth ane Ethane

 Try this!
• The suffix
"ane" is used in naming
an alkane.

Meth ane Methane

 Alkane

Alkane
The general formula is
expressed as;
C= 3
H= 2 (3) + 2
= 6+2
=8
 Alkane

Alkane
The general formula is
expressed as;

C= 3
H= 8
Molecular formula
C3 H8
Prop ane Propane
 2. Alkene
• An unsaturated compound also know as
olefins
• A hydrocarbon that contains double bond
 Alkene
• The suffix
"ene" is used in
naming an alkene

Pent ene Pentene

 Try this!
• The suffix
"ene" is used in
naming an alkene

Prop ene Propene

 Alkene
Alkene
The general formula is
expressed as;

C= 3
H= 2 (3)
=6
 Alkene
Alkene
The general formula is
expressed as;

C= 3
H= 6

Molecular Formula
C3 H6
Ethene
 3. Alkyne
• An unsaturated compound also known as
acetylenes
• A hdyrocarbon that contains triple bonds

Ethyne Butyne
 Alkyne
• The suffix
"yne" is used in
naming an alkyne

Eth yne Ethyne

 Try this!
• The suffix
"yne" is used in
naming an alkyne

But yne Butyne

 Alkyne's General Formula

Alkyne
The general formula is
expressed as;

C= 2
H= 2 (2) -2
=4-2
=2
 Alkyne's General Formula

Alkyne
The general formula is
expressed as;

C= 2
H= 2
Molecular Formula
C2 H2
Summary of Hydrocarbons
 Which Hdyrocarbon Am
I?
Direction: Determine if the following Hydro
carbon is an Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne.

Alkane

Eth - ane
Ethane

C2H4
 Which Hdyrocarbon Am
I?
Direction: Determine if the following Hydro
carbon is an Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne.

Alkene

Eth - ene
Ethene

C2H4
 Which Hdyrocarbon Am
I?
Direction: Determine if the following Hydro
carbon is an Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne.

Alkyne

Eth - yne
Ethyne

C2H4
 Which Hdyrocarbon Am
I?
Direction: Determine if the following Hydro
carbon is an Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne.

Alkane

Pent - ane
Pentane

C5H12
 Which Hdyrocarbon Am
I?
Direction: Determine if the following Hydro
carbon is an Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne.

Alkyne

Oct - yne
Octyne

C85H4
 Let's Compare
a. Triple e. Single
b. - ene c. Ethene d. -yne f. Butyne
bond bond

g. methane h. CnH2n +2 i. CnH2n j. Double k. CnH2n-2 l. ane

bond

Description ALKANE ALKENE ALKYNE

Number of Bonds e. Single bond j. Double bond a. Triple bond

General Formula h. CnH2n +2 i. CnH2n k. CnH2n-2

Suffix used l. ane b. - ene d. -yne

Example g. methane c. Ethene f. Butyne