Process Control PT

Uploaded by

SAHIL RATHI

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

15 views

Process Control PT

Uploaded by

SAHIL RATHI

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 15

PROCESS

CONTRO
L
DERIAVTIVE KICK AND INTEGRAL WINDUP

-Pratik Khandare
110120052
- Sailesh
110120096
DERIVATIVE KICK

Derivative kick occurs because the value of the error

changes suddenly whenever the set point is adjusted. The
derivative of a sudden jump in the error causes the
derivative of the error to be instantaneously large and
causes the controller output to saturate for one cycle at
either an upper or lower bound
Considering the Considering the
derivative of Error signal derivative of Input signal
INTEGRAL
WINDUP
 Integral windup, also known as integrator windup or reset
windup, refers to the situation in a PID/PI feedback
controller where a large change in setpoint occurs and the
integral term accumulates a significant error during the rise
(windup), thus overshoot and continuing to increase as this
accumulated error is unwound (offset by errors in the other
direction). The specific problem is the excess overshooting.

 In short, Integral windup is the process of accumulating the

integral component beyond the saturation limits of final
control element.
Consider this level control system-
Output - Level
 Input – Inlet flow
 Disturbance – Outlet flow
(0-1) - Process at steady state
1 - disturbance enters
2- Value saturation
3-Disturbance change
4 –controller output <100%
5- Process back to steady state
 At 0 everything has 0 value. From 0 to 1, Inlet, disturbance everything has steady state
value..
 At 1 the disturbance has now entered. It means the second outlet is now increased.
Thus ,In 1st level graph the level is decreased.
 And the error start to increased as we see in graph of error. And now the controller get
started .
 Now the value is started to open.
 Having the current scenario the disturbance having the magnitude such that even
100%percentage of inlet value the level cannot can be maintained at desired value . Now
the controller is calculating the valve opening then it goes beyond 100%. When it goes to
100% valve saturates. Thus it remains at 100% . We can see in valve opening valve.
 Valve gets saturated. But the area goes on increasing due to integral action. Thus control
action is calculated beyond 10%.and the value goes to 200%. And 200% is not possible in
practical scenario.
 Fromm 3 to 4 the inlet is still there . At 3 disturbance again change . Outlet flow is change
or reduced to some value and output is reduced and controller takes action. And input start
to increase. It goes beyond the set point value
 Now when we decreases the error there will be negative area and control action will
change and reach at point at point 4 we can see it in controller output graph. And
controller will not change beyond 100% .and thus controller will start decreasing the value
and thus output will change and get to desired output.
SOLUTIONS -

•Initializing the controller integral to a desired value, for instance to the value before the
problem.
•Increasing the setpoint in a suitable ramp
•"Conditional Integration"--disabling the integral function until the to-be-controlled process
variable (PV) has entered the controllable region .
•Preventing the integral term from accumulating above or below pre-determined bounds .
•Back-calculating the integral term to constrain the process output within feasible bounds.
•Zeroing the integral value every time the error is equal to or crosses zero. This avoids having
the controller attempt to drive the system to have the same error integral in the opposite
direction as was caused by a perturbation.
GATE PROBLEMS