CONVEYORS AND CONVEYING

SYSTEMS
CONVEYORS AND
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
What is a conveyor?
What is a conveyor?
 N V E
C O
R S
YO
How does a conveyor works?
How does a conveyor works?
How does a conveyor works?

The purpose of the belt is to provide controlled

movement of the product. Belts are designed in
different sizes; systems used to run the belts
operate in different speed ranges.
How does a conveyor works?
How does a conveyor works?

The support system allows the belt to move

smoothly. It is specifically designed to hold
the moving material without sagging.
How does a conveyor works?
How does a conveyor works?

The drive pulley pushes or pulls the load,

while the tail pulley returns the belt.
How does a conveyor works?
How does a conveyor works?

The purpose of a belt cleaner is to

remove any carryback that may remain
on the belt after the load is discharged
from the belt.
Carryback is common in all belt systems and is one of the
major issues that causes belt malfunctions.
How does a conveyor works?
How does a conveyor works?

The Belt is used to power the pulley that

moves the belt.
Types of conveyor system
Types of conveyor system
BELT CONVEYOR
- Belt conveyors are the most
common and simplest form of
conveyor and can have variable
speeds.

- They have a moving belt that rests

on a steel frame that supports the
belt and the materials being moved.
Types of conveyor system
GRAVITY ROLLERS
CONVEYORS
- A gravity conveyor moves product
by taking advantage of the natural
force of gravity. The product sits on
rollers that are mounted on a slight
decline in order to use gravity to
assist forward motion and minimize
any frictional resistance.
- The product sits on rollers that are
mounted on a slight decline in
order to use gravity to assist
forward motion and minimize any
frictional resistance.
Types of conveyor system
CHAIN CONVEYORS
- Chain driven conveyors are ideal
for items with uneven bottom
surfaces or ones that are very heavy.
Types of conveyor system
MOTORIZED ROLLER
CONVEYORS
- Motorized roller conveyors use
motors, placed along the conveyor
frame, to power evenly spaced
rollers
- The connection between the
rollers can be a chain or belt. In
some systems, there is a sensor that
starts and stops the motor to avoid
pieces getting packed together.
Types of conveyor system
SLAT CONVEYORS
- The slats have a very smooth
surface that prevents damage or
harm to items being moved, making
them ideal for assembly
applications.

- slat conveyors can be loaded and

unloaded using robotic automation.
Types of conveyor system
MONORAIL
CONVEYORS
- Monorail conveying systems have
carriers to move materials and are
ideal for use over long distances.

- Monorail conveyors make use of

the space above the production
area. In some designs, the carriers
lower to the level of production and
then go up, out of the way.
Types of conveyor system
SCREW CONVEYORS
- Screw conveyors are used to move
bulk substances such as granular
products, chips, and loose materials.

- The blades of the screw flights are

designed to carry the material
upwards.
Types of conveyor system
PNEUMATIC
CONVEYORS
- Pneumatic conveyors transport bulk
materials using a pressurized gas that
pushes the material through a sealed
pipeline.
- As the pressure builds in the pipeline,
powders or granular materials are lifted
and moved through the pipe.
Types of conveyor system
VIBRATORY CONVEYORS
- A vibrating conveyor uses vibrations to
move materials along a conveying
trough and is ideal for materials such as
grains, various solids, vegetables being
picked in a field, and quarried rocks.

- A major benefit of vibrating conveyors

is their excellent performance in the
harshest conditions and environments.
Types of conveyor system
SKID CONVEYORS
- Skid conveyors are another form of floor
mounted conveyor that moves products on
fixtures that have longitudinal runners
called skids with travel being longitudinally
and transversely.

Skid conveyor systems are valued for the efficiency and quiet
mode of transport. The variations in skid conveyor systems are
due to the many components and control systems that can be
included.

There are several elements to a skid conveying system that

include power rollers, pivot tables, shuttle carriages, and two
strand chain systems
Types of conveyor system
FRICTION CONVEYORS
- A friction conveying system uses a motor
to drive a friction wheel made of non
metallic material to create driving force.

- The system consists of a friction drive,

load-bearing track, switch, stopper,
trolley, elevator, and steel structure.
Types of conveyor system
VERTICAL
CONVEYOR
- Vertical conveyors move objects from one elevation to
another, raising and/or lowering a load to different levels in
the supply line.
Types of conveyor system
WALKING BEAM CONVEYOR
- provides for movement of the articles
between the actuating stations and
includes a first and second set of rollers
which are supported by a support
surface with the rollers movable their
along.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Sintering
Sintering is a production process used to
significantly lower the temperature of a piece just
below its melting point to shape and form the piece.
Conveyors transport the piece into the high-
temperature furnaces for the sintering process.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Packaging:
A packaging conveyor is designed to assist with
product packaging, such as placing finished
products in containers, efficient labeling, or
preparation of products for shipping. The function
of a packaging conveyor system is to move products
from completion and assembly to shipment. They
provide a safe method of moving materials and
avoid the need for employees to carry heavy items.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Production Line:
A production line conveyor is designed to bring
work to workers, avoiding moving an assembly
crew. The advantage of a production line conveyor is
to easily move products through the assembly
process for each task to be efficiently performed.
What begins as raw materials at the beginning of
the assembly process is a completed product at the
end.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Pharmaceutical:
The pharmaceutical industry requires specially
designed conveying systems that can be installed in
a sterile environment but be flexible, reliable, and
easily accessible to prevent contamination.
Pharmaceutical conveyors move products in and
out of sterilization processes that use toxic
chemicals. This requires conveyors made of
materials capable of withstanding such exposure.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Metalworking:
The demands for metal production have increased
the use of conveying systems to improve
productivity and efficiency. The various processes of
metalworking can be completed accurately and
precisely by using a conveying system. Cutting and
molding for the production of large quantities of
products can be done quickly. Press-out conveyors
are used to remove molded pieces from the
pressing line or onto other operations.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Airport:
Though airports have people moving conveyors, the
main conveying system is for luggage handling,
which speeds up the process of getting luggage
from the check-in counter to the airplane and off
the airplane to luggage pickup. Highly sophisticated
and complex systems limit manual involvement and
move packages and bags. Airport conveying
systems employ several different varieties of
conveying systems, which can be on an angle,
vertical, or horizontal.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Mining:
Most mining operations are in secluded areas,
making it difficult for trucks to access. Mining
conveyors remove the need to create a means for
trucks to reach the operation. Though mining
conveyors vary in size and length, the majority of
them are on an incline and move several tons of
material. They have to be evenly loaded to avoid
spillage or empty spaces. Depending on the design,
they operate very rapidly up to 100 fpm.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Automotive:
The automotive industry uses several varieties of
conveyors for material handling. Parts and car
bodies can be easily moved from one operation to
the next. They are especially helpful in moving
heavy items such as doors, bumpers, chassis, and
frames.
WHICH INDUSTRY OR MANUFACTURING CAN
WE APPLY THESE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS?

Food Processing:
Food conveyors move foods and organic materials
safely and quickly at a lower cost than of manual
labor. As with all conveying systems, food
processing conveyors are customized to fit the
needs of the manufacturer and the application. The
one factor that makes them unique is the
requirement to meet governmental regulations for
sanitation and cleanliness.
Designing a Conveyor System
Designing a Conveyor System
SPACE
This step requires identifying interaction points, clearances,
obstructions, or any possible areas that could interfere with material
movement.
Designing a Conveyor System
LOAD CAPACITY
It has to be determined what will be the amount of materials
it can carry.
Factors that influence the load capacity are overall length and
bed width as well as the drive system.
Designing a Conveyor System
SPEED
The average speed of most conveying systems is 65 fpm,
which is how fast a person moves when carrying a 50 lb. package.
Designing a Conveyor System
POWDER OR LIQUID HANDLING MATERIAL
A well-designed powder and liquid conveying system has to
be sufficiently sealed to prevent powder or liquid escaping.
Movement of powdered, granular, and chip-type materials
can have dust build-up, which is considered in system design and
may necessitate some form of filtration.
Designing a Conveyor System
CONFIGURATION
They can be vertical, angled,
horizontal, or curved, include pockets
or slats, and have z-frames.
Designing a Conveyor System
DRIVE SYSTEM
The drive of an automated
conveying system is the power that
moves materials. It has a counter
bearing to keep items moving and
allows movement along the belt.
They usually have a system of gears
run by a motor. Variable speed drives have
become popular for modern conveying since
they allow for changes in material flow.
Designing a Conveyor System
SAFETY
Conveyor systems are
regulated by the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) and must meet government
safety requirements.
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
BENEFITS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
BENEFITS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
Time Savings
Continuous Operation
Automated Unloading
Control Movement
Directional
Low Maintenance
Safe
High Volume
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
MISTRACKING

A misaligned belt can seriously damage

the belt by uneven wear or damage
items on the belt.
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
SEIZED ROLLERS

can lead to sharp edges that would shut

down the system. Since conveyor
systems are made from metal, a seized
roller can develop sharp edges.
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
SLIPPAGE

Slippage on a belt conveyor can occur

due to tension being too high or low,
which can lead to stretching and
conveyor belt slippage..
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
CARRYBACK

The most common carryback is when

material sticks to the belt goes past the
transfer point and falls off.
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
SPILLAGE

When a belt conveyor is overloaded, or

too packed, materials can fall off the
sides.

This can occur when employees are

not trained properly, or there is a
problem up the line.
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
UNLOAD OR CHUTE BLOCKAGE

Unload problems occur when material

does not flow properly from the
conveyor at the off-load point. When
this happens, the whole system can
shut down.
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

The first sign of a problem is a change

in system pressure, which includes
issues with feeding, build up in the
line, uneven feed, and a plugged pipe.

For most pneumatic conveying systems, there

are five places where a problem can occur –
blower package, conveying line, bin vents,
filter, or airlocks.
MALFUNCTIONS OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
SCREW CONVEYORS

Fatigue in a screw conveyor occurs

when there is build up in the pipe as
the conveyor turns.
MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
Motor
Most motors fail due to problems with bearings and windings with bearings being the main cause.

Bearing failure can be attributed to lubrication problems.

This can be avoided by having a regular maintenance cycle for bearing upkeep.
MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
PULLEY BEARINGS
Pulley bearings are completely filled with lubricant to keep out water and contaminants.

In most cases, they never need repair if they are regularly checked and maintained.
MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
CLEANING
Belts, rollers, chains, motors, slats, and all visible areas should be cleaned regularly.

This is especially true with products that have received some form of treatment or coating, which can
cause components to become contaminated and be seriously damaged.
MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
BELT TRACKING
Belt conveyors can have premature wear due to improper belt tracking, which should be checked
every time the belt is activated.

Problems with belt tracking can be caused by misuse of the conveyor, its environment, and poor
maintenance.

Neglecting the belt can lead to expensive repairs.

MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
PNEUMATIC PRESSURE
As a part of maintenance, it is important to make pressure adjustments as well as flow control and
regulator adjustments.

Pipeline pressure should always be kept at system specifications.

High pressure on the pipeline can cause damage to individual components.

MAINTENANCE OF A CONVEYOR SYSTEM
GROUNDING
Conveying systems are susceptible to stray voltages that can short out the system.

Proper grounding can avert this problem.

FUN FACT
• 31 km flight of the 51 km conveyor belt system between
• Mt Saddleback mine and Worsley refinery near Collie, Western
Australia
• It is used to transport 2,700 tonnes bauxite ore - from which aluminum
is extracted - every hour,
• and travels at 26 km/h
• It was opened in 1983 and has 22 tunnels and 10 bridges along its
length
QUESTIONS?
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