TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

AND ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION WITH
DRIVING
CDI 4 - MIDTERM
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS
OF R.A. 4136
(AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO LAND
TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC RULES, TO CREATE A LAND
TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES)
Section 32. Exceeding registered
capacity
No person operating any vehicle shall allow more
passenger or more freight or cargo in his vehicle than its
registered carrying capacity. In the case of public utility trucks or
buses, the conductor shall be exclusively liable for violations of
this section or of Section thirty-two, letter (c) hereof:
 (a) Passenger trucks may be allowed to construct any cargo
carrying device at the rear or at the side of the truck, subject to
the approval of the Commissioner: Provided, however, That the
total weight of the device, including the cargo, shall not exceed
one hundred kilos.
 (b) Carrying of passengers and freight on top of vehicles. -
No person operating a motor vehicle shall allow any passenger to
ride on the cover or top of such vehicles: Provided, however, That
subject to such conditions as may be contained in permits that
may be issued by the Commissioner, baggage or freight may be
carried on the top of a truck provided the weight thereof does not
exceed twenty kilos per square meter and is distributed in such a
manner as not to endanger the passengers or stability of the
truck.
 (c) Riding on running boards. - No driver shall permit any
person to ride on the running board, step board, or mudguard of
his motor vehicle for any purpose except to make repair or
adjustment in the motor or to collect fares.
Required Motor Vehicle Accessories (Sec
34)
• Tires - No motor vehicle with metallic tires shall be operated
upon any public highway, and solid tires whenever used shall
be of sufficient thickness to prevent the metal rims thereof from
coming in direct contact with the road.
• Brakes - Every motor vehicle with four or more wheels shall be
provided with dual hydraulic brake system so that in case of
hydraulic line failure affecting the braking efficiency of any of the
four wheels at least either the front or rear wheels shall retain
normal braking capabilities.
• Horns. - Every motor vehicle shall be provided with a horn or
signaling devise in good working order: Provided, however, That
no horn or signaling device emitting an exceptionally loud,
startling, or disagreeable sound shall be installed or used on
any motor vehicle.
• Headlights. - Every motor vehicle of more than one meter of
projected width, while in use on any public highway shall bear
two headlights, one on each side, with white or yellowish light
visible from the front, which, not later than one-half hour after
sunset and until at least one-half before sunrise and whenever
weather conditions so require, shall both be lighted.
• Tail lights. - Every motor vehicle and trailer shall, during the
above-mentioned hours, also bear on each side in the rear a
lamp showing a red light visible at least one hundred meters
from the rear of the vehicle and a lamp throwing a white light
upon the number plate issued for such vehicle.
• Stop lights. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped at the rear
with at least one lamp which shall throw a sustained bright red
light visible under all conditions, even under bright sunlight,
when the brakes are applied. Each bus, truck, trailer or similar
vehicle shall be equipped, as its stop light at or near its rear
center, with a lamp at least twelve centimeters in diameter with
the word "stop" inscribed in the center.
• Lights when parked or disabled. - Appropriate parking lights
or flares visible one hundred meters away shall be displayed at
a corner of the vehicle whenever such vehicle is parked on
highways or in places that are not well-lighted or is placed in
such manner as to endanger passing traffic.
• Windshield wiper. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a
mechanically or electrically operated device for wiping off
raindrops or other moisture from its front windshield.

• Use of red flag. - Whenever the load of any vehicle extends more
than one meter beyond the bed or body thereof, there shall be
displayed at every projecting end of such load a red flag not less
than thirty centimeters both in length and width, except that during
the hours fixed under subsection (c), there shall be displayed, in
lieu of the required red flags, red lights visible at least fifty meters
away.
• Mufflers. - Every motor vehicle propelled by an internal
combustion engine shall be equipped with a muffler, and
whenever said motor vehicle passes through a street of any
city, municipality, or thickly populated district or barrio, the
muffler shall not be cut out or disconnected. No motor vehicle
shall be operated in such a manner as to cause it to emit or
make any unnecessary or disagreeable odor, smoke or noise.
Hitching to a vehicle. (Sec 51)
• - No person shall hang on to, ride on, the outside or the rear
end of any vehicle, and no person on a bicycle, roller skate or
other similar device, shall hold fast to or hitch on to any moving
vehicle, and no driver shall knowingly permit any person to
hang on to or ride, the outside or rear end of his vehicle or allow
any person on a bicycle, roller skate or other similar device to
hold fast or hitch to his vehicle.
Driving while under the influence of liquor
or narcotic drug. (Sec 53)
• - No person shall drive a motor vehicle while under the
influence of liquor or narcotic drug.
Obstruction of traffic. (Sec 54)
• - No person shall drive his motor vehicle in such a manner as to
obstruct or impede the passage of any vehicle, nor, while
discharging or taking on passengers or loading or unloading
freight, obstruct the free passage of other vehicles on the
highway.
Duty of driver in case of accident. (Sec 55)
• - In the event that any accident should occur as a result of the
operation of a motor vehicle upon a highway, the driver present,
shall show his driver's license, give his true name and address
and also the true name and address of the owner of the motor
vehicle.
 No driver of a motor vehicle concerned in a vehicular
accident shall leave the scene of the accident without aiding the
victim, except under any of the following circumstances:

• 1. If he is in imminent danger of being seriously harmed by any

person or persons by reason of the accident;
• 2. If he reports the accident to the nearest officer of the law; or
• 3. If he has to summon a physician or nurse to aid the victim.
REGISTRATION OF MOTOR
VEHICLES
Classification of Registered Motor Vehicles

• Private (Not for hire)

• Public Utility Vehicle (PUV a.k.a. for hire)
• Government
• Diplomat
Plate Numbers
• Green with white background (Private)
• Black with yellow background (PUV)
• Red (Maroon) with white background (Government)
• Blue with white background (Diplomats)
• Commemorative Plate (Special)
Schedule of Registration
Last Digit of Plate Number Middle Digit of Plate Weekly Deadline
Number (Working days of the month
only)

1-Jan 6-Jun 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2-Feb 7-Jul 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3-Mar 8-Aug 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
4-Apr 9-Sept 9 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
5-May 0-Oct 29 30 31
Letter Prefixes on Plate Numbers
Letter prefixes indicates:

1. Place of initial registration of motor vehicle

2. Year of initial registration (The higher the letters the later the year
registration and year model of the motor vehicle)
Special Plate Numbers for Government
Officials
• 1 – President of the Philippines
• 2 – Vice President of the Philippines
• 3 – Senate President
• 4 – Speaker of the House of Representatives
• 5 – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Driver’s Licenses
Driver’s License
A document issued to a qualified driver who possesses the
statutory qualification as provided therefore. It is also a public
document which has the legal presumption of genuineness.
Duty to Procure License
Sec. 19 of RA 4136 states that no person shall operate any motor
vehicle without first procuring a license to drive for the current year.
Confiscation of Driver’s License
Sec. 29 of RA 4136 mandates that driver’s license may be
confiscated for violation of RA 4136, the rules and regulations issued by
the Commissioner and of the local traffic rules and regulations.
Types of Licenses, Procedures and
Requirements
1. International Driver’s License
2. Military Driver’s License
3. Professional Driver’s License
4. Non-Professional Driver’s License
5. Student Driver’s Permit
Driver’s Examination
1. Written Examination
2. Road Test
Mandatory Drug Test
It is mandatory to all driver’s license applicants except for
student driver’s permit to pass a drug test conducted by duly LTO
accredited drug testing centers.
Driver’s Restriction Code
1 – Motorcycle / Motorized Tricycle
2 – Vehicle up to 4500 kgs Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
3 – Vehicle above 4500 kgs GVW
4 – Automatic Clutch up to 4500 kgs GVW
5 – Automatic Clutch above 4500 kgs GVW
6 – Articulated vehicle 1600 kgs GVW & below
7 – Articulated vehicle 1601 up to 4500 kgs GVW
8 – Articulated vehicle 4501 kgs & above GVW
Driver’s Condition
A – Wear eye glasses
B – Drive only with special equipment for upper limbs
C – Drive only with special equipment for lower limbs
D – Daylight driving only
E – Accompanied by a person with normal hearing.
Speed limit and other rules on Speed
Any person driving a motor vehicle on a highway shall drive the
same at a careful and prudent speed, not greater nor less than is
reasonable and proper, having due regard for the traffic, the width of
the highway, and of any other condition then and there existing.
Maximum Allowable Speeds
Areas Passenger Cars & Motorcycles Motor trucks & Buses
On open country roads, with no 80 km/h 50km/h
blind corners not closely bordered
by habitations.
On “through streets” or boulevards 40km/h 30km/h
clear of traffic, with no blind
corners, when so designated
On city and municipal streets, with 30km/h 30km/h
light traffic, when not designated as
“through street”
Through crowded streets, 20km/h 20km/h
approaching intersections at “blind
corners”, passing school zones,
passing other vehicles which are
stationary, or for similar dangerous
circumstances
Exception to the Speed Limit
1. Physician or his/her driver
2. Driver of hospital ambulance
3. Driver bringing wounded or sick person
4. AFP driver
5. Driver with passenger in pursuit of criminal
6. Law Enforcers
7. Driver of Fire department
Uniform Speed Limits throughout the
Philippines
No provincial, city or municipal authority shall enact or enforce
any ordinance or resolution specifying maximum allowable speeds
other than those provided by RA 4136.
Lateral Placement
It means the proper positioning of the motor vehicle while
traversing on a traffic way of while on parked.
In the Philippines, unless a different course of action is required
in the interest of the safety and the security of life, person or property,
or because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in compliance
herewith, every person operating a motor vehicle or an animal-drawn
vehicle on a highway SHALL PASS TO THE RIGHT when meeting persons
or vehicles going the same direction, and when turning to the left is
going from on highway to another, every motor vehicle shall be
conducted to the right of the center of the intersection of the highway.
Overtaking and Passing
In overtaking another vehicle, a driver should pass at a safe
distance to the left of the vehicle being overtaken and shall resume
driving on the right side of the road only after pass clear of the
overtaken vehicle.
1. Exception
On the highway with two or more lanes where traffic goes in one
direction, another vehicle may overtaken on the right. (Sec 39)
Driver to give way to overtaking vehicle
Driver of a motor vehicle about to be overtaken must give way to
the overtaking vehicle and shall not increase his speed until overtaking
vehicle fully passed by. (Sec. 40)
Restrictions on overtaking and passing
To avoid accident or any unusual incidents, overtaking and
passing on the following places are restricted. (Sec. 41)
Right of
way
1. Rules on Right of Way
In case of two vehicle approaching or entering an intersection at
the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right
of way; however, the driver of any vehicle traveling at an unlawful
speed forfeits this right. (Sec. 42, a)
In the case of a vehicle approaching but has not yet entered the
intersection, its driver shall yield the right of way to vehicles already
within such intersection or turning therein to the left across the line of
travel of the first mentioned vehicle. (Sec. 42, b)
 In case of a vehicle on a highway within a business or residential
district, its driver shall yield the right of way to pedestrian crossing the
highway within a crosswalk, except at intersections where traffic is
regulated by a peace officer or a traffic signal. If there is no crosswalk,
pedestrians shall yield the right of way to vehicles on the highways.
(Sec. 42, c)

In case of a vehicle traversing a “thru-highway”, its driver should

bring it to a full stop before crossing. However, if it is clear and no
hazard exist, the vehicle may slow down to 5 miles per hour instead of
full stop. (Sec. 42, d)
2. Exceptions to right of way rules
Right of way rules do not apply in the case:
(a) Of a vehicle entering from a private road or drive. The right of
way is in favor of all the vehicles utilizing the highway.
(b) The driver of a vehicle upon a highway shall yield the right
way to police or fire department vehicles and ambulances when such
vehicles are operated on official business and the drivers thereof sound
audible signal of their approach.
(c) The driver of the vehicle entering a “through highway” or a
“stop intersections” shall yield the right of way to all vehicles
approaching in either direction on such “through highway”.
Starting, Stopping or Turning Rules
The driver of any motor vehicle on a highway, before starting,
stopping or turning shall see first that such movement can be made
safely; and if any pedestrian is affected by such movement, he shall give
a clearly audible signal by sounding the vehicle’s horn.
 1. When other motorist are affected
Whenever the operation of any other approaching or following
may be affected by such movement, the driver making the movement
shall give a signal to other driver/s of his intention to make such
movement. (Sec. 44, a)

2. Hand Signal
The required signal shall be given by means of extending the
hand or arm beyond the left side of the vehicle or by an approved
mechanical or electrical signal device. (Sec. 44, b)
 3. Making a right turn
a. Signal your intention to turn right with your turning signal light
or a hand signal at least 100 ft. before you intend to make turn
b. Stay on the right lane of the road.
c. Never make a right turn from left lane.
d. At an intersection with a red traffic light, make a right turn
ONLY after coming to a full stop to make sure that no vehicle is coming
from the left.
e. If there is a sign prohibiting a right turn unless the light is
Green, DO NOT turn right while RED LIGHT is ON.
4. Making Left Turn – 4 lanes
a. Signal your intention to turn left with your turning signal or a
hand signal at least 100ft before you intent to make your turn.
b. Stay on the left lane of the road
c. At an intersection with no traffic light, vehicles GOING
STRAIGHT have the right of way. Wait for them to pass first before
you turn left.
d. At an intersection with a traffic light, make a left turn ONLY
WHEN THE GREEN LIGHT IS ON OR WHEN THERE IS A LEFT TURN
LIGHT.
5. Making a U-turn on a two-lane road.
a. Make a right turn signal at least 100ft before you start moving to
the right side of the road.
b. stay as close to the right side as possible. Come to a complete
stop if necessary. Check behind you for traffic. Also check for oncoming
traffic on the other lane.
c. Once all traffic has passed you, initiate your U-turn. See to it that
you can make it in one “sweep”. If you have a long vehicle look for an
intersection or a wide section of the road to make a U-turn.
d. At this point, you should be making the U-turn if you know the
turning radius of your vehicle
e. Do not move immediately to the middle of the road. Keep to the
right side until you have increased your speed sufficiently to move to the
middle of the lane.
6. Making a U-turn on a four-lane Highway.
a. Check for traffic behind you and indicate your intentions with a
left turn signal. If no fast vehicles, stay on the left lane.
b. Clear the “Other side” for oncoming traffic and initiate your
turn as soon as it is clear.
c. As soon as you have reached relatively safe speed, signal your
intention to move the fast lane with a left turn signal.
d. Move the fast lane as soon as you are fast enough to hold up
traffic moving in the same direction.
Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties
Pedestrians have the right to occupy or pass on spaces or
portions of traffic way allocated for them like crossing on pedestrian
lanes and passing on sidewalks or catwalks.
General Parking Rules and Similar
Regulations
Motor vehicles should park only on areas specifically designated
for parking.
*Parking on Cities
*Parking on highways
*Parking Prohibited in Specified places