Lecture 1: Network Operating Systems (NOS)

AN INTRODUCTION
Overview of basic networking
concepts

Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI):

is a conceptual model that characterizes and
standardizes the communication functions of a
telecommunication or computing system.
network model:
PAN
 LAN
 MAN
 WAN

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

2
ALDUWAIS
CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON
3
ALDUWAIS
Scale(size) Based Network
Classification

1. PAN
2. LAN
3. MAN
4. WAN
5. Internet

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

4
ALDUWAIS
 Personal Area Network
(PAN)

 computer network organized around an individual

person.
PAN involves a computer, a cell phone..etc
Using Bluetooth and USB often used to link this kind of
networks.
Communication Technology:
Wired
Wireless (WPAN):(Bluetooth, infrared)

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

5
ALDUWAIS
Local Area Network (LAN)

A LAN is a privately owned network that operates

within and nearby a single building like a home, office or
factory.
The connection must be high speed and inexpensive.
Size: few kilometers.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

6
ALDUWAIS
Local Area Network (LAN)

Advantages
◦ Easy to share
◦ Cost of LAN setup is low.
Disadvantages
◦ Power
◦ Security
◦ Speed
◦ Covers limited area.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

7
ALDUWAIS
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a high-

speed network that connects local area networks
in a metropolitan area
It covers a city.

Examples:
The cable television networks available in many cities.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

8
ALDUWAIS
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)

Advantages
◦ Efficiency and shared access.
◦ All the computers residing in the same area have
an equal chance to access the network.
Disadvantages
◦ costly
◦ Security problems
◦ slow.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

9
ALDUWAIS
Wide Area Network (WAN)

A wide area network (WAN) is a network that

covers a large geographic area (such as a city,
country, or the world) using a communications
channel that combines many types of media such
as telephone lines, cables, and radio waves.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

10
ALDUWAIS
Wide Area Network (WAN)

Advantages
◦ Increased efficiency.
◦ Ease of communication.

Disadvantages
◦ Security problems.
◦ Training costs.
◦ Maintenance problems

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

11
ALDUWAIS
Introduction to Operating
Systems

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

12
ALDUWAIS
 What is an Operating System?

• 2 kinds of a software

– Application Software
• Word processors,
database manager,
compiler, web browser

– System Software
• Operating system itself
• Bridges between the
hardware and users

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

13
ALDUWAIS
Functions of Operating Systems (OS)

1. Resource management
2. • Memory management
3. • Device management
– Printer
– Hard drive
– display
4. • Process management
5. • Processor management (CPU time )

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

14
ALDUWAIS
CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON
15
ALDUWAIS
Why OS was Born?

Batch processing
– Resident Monitor

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

16
ALDUWAIS
Time Sharing Using Operating
Systems

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

17
ALDUWAIS
Operating Systems

Time-sharing operating systems schedule

tasks for efficient use of the system and
may also include accounting software for
cost allocation of processor time, mass
storage, printing, and other resources.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

18
ALDUWAIS
Operating Systems
Operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer

hardware and software resources and provides common services for

computer programs.

Operating systems form an essential component of the system

software in a computer system.

Application programs usually require an operating system to

function.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

19
ALDUWAIS
Operating Systems

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory

allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between
programs and the computer hardware.

Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains

a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to
supercomputers and web servers.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

20
ALDUWAIS
Operating Systems: Examples

Examples of popular modern operating

systems include:
◦ Android, BSD, iOS, Windows Phone,
◦ Linux, OS X, QNX,
◦ Microsoft Windows, and IBM z/OS.

◦ All these examples, except Windows, Windows

Phone and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

21
ALDUWAIS
Networks Operating Systems

Network operating system (NOS): software that

implements an operating system of some kind that is
oriented to computer networking.

The network operating system is designed to allow shared

file and printer access among multiple computers in a
network

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

22
ALDUWAIS
NOS Characteristics
Network operating systems (NOSs) distribute their functions over
a number of networked computers.

It adds functions that allow users to access shared resources

concurrently.

Client systems contain specialized software that allows them to

request shared resources that are controlled by server systems

responding to a client request.

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON
24
ALDUWAIS
Differences Between PC and a NOS
The NOS enhances the reach of the client PC by making remote services available as
extensions of the local operating system.

Although a number of users may have accounts on a PC, only a single account is
active on the system at any given time.

NOS supports multiple user accounts at the same time and enables concurrent
access to shared resources by multiple clients (multitasking and multiuser
environment).
CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON
26
ALDUWAIS
Multiuser, Multitasking, and Multiprocessor Systems

A NOS server is a multitasking system. the OS is

capable of executing multiple tasks at the same time.

Some systems are equipped with more than one

processor, called multiprocessing systems.

multiprocessing systems are capable of executing

multiple tasks in parallel by assigning each task to a
different processor.

The total amount of work that the server can

perform in a given time is greatly enhanced in
multiprocessor systems.
NOS Server Hardware
NOS servers are large systems with additional
memory to support multiple tasks that are all
active, or resident, in memory at the same time.

Additional disk space is also required on

servers to hold shared files and to function as an
extension to the internal memory on the system.

Because a NOS depends on the continuous

operation of its servers, the extra hardware
components justify the additional expense.
 Choosing a NOS
The main features to consider when selecting a NOS
include:
◦ Performance
◦ Management and monitoring tools
◦ Security
◦ Scalability
◦ Robustness/fault tolerance
Networks Operating Systems: Where to use?

NOS can be used in:

◦ Routers, switches and hardware firewall.
◦ PCs in Peer-to-peer networks
◦ Client-server Architecture

CREATED BY DR.NAJLA ALNABHAN EDITED BY MAYSOON

30
ALDUWAIS