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Transmisson Infrastructure

This document discusses various types of transmission media, including guided media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fibers, as well as unguided or wireless media. Twisted pair cables can be either unshielded or shielded, and are widely used in networking. Coaxial cables have better resistance to interference than twisted pair but cover less distance. Optical fibers provide the highest bandwidth and can transmit signals over the greatest distances but are the most difficult and costly to install and maintain. Wireless transmission uses radio waves, infrared, or microwaves without a physical medium.

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27 views11 pages

Transmisson Infrastructure

This document discusses various types of transmission media, including guided media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fibers, as well as unguided or wireless media. Twisted pair cables can be either unshielded or shielded, and are widely used in networking. Coaxial cables have better resistance to interference than twisted pair but cover less distance. Optical fibers provide the highest bandwidth and can transmit signals over the greatest distances but are the most difficult and costly to install and maintain. Wireless transmission uses radio waves, infrared, or microwaves without a physical medium.

Uploaded by

srbehera2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRANSMISSION

INFRASTRUCTURE

PRESENTED BY
GIRASHREE SAHU
CSE/MCA
Transmission Media
A transmission medium is a physical connection or
an interface between the transmitter and the receiver.
There are two major categories of transmission media,
namely Guided and Wireless (or Unguided).
Guided media provide a conduit from one device to
another. It includes twisted pair, co-axial and fiber-
optic cable. Signal travelling along this media is
directed and contained by the physical limits of the
medium.
Unguided media, transport electromagnetic waves
without using a physical conductor. Signals are
broadcast through air/water and available to anyone
who has a device capable to receiving them.
Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted pair cables have been around for a long time.
They were mainly invented for voice transmissions.
Widely used medium in networking because it's
lighter, cheaper, more flexible, easy to install, and
provides greater speeds than coaxial cables.
Two types: unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and the
shielded twisted pair (STP).
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
The unshielded twisted pair cable has 4 pairs of
copper wires that are present inside a plastic sheath.
These wires are twisted to protect them from
interference.
The only protection available for a UTP cable is a
plastic sheath that is thin in size.
Shielded Twisted Pair(STP) Cable
The shielded twisted pair cable is widely used in high-
speed networks.
The major difference between UTP and STP is that
STP makes use of a metallic shield to wrap the wires.
This metallic shield prevents interference to a better
extent than UTP.
These STP cables come with numbering; the higher
the numbering, the better the interference prevention.
As an example: CAT 3 or CAT 5.
Coaxial Cables
The coaxial cables have a central copper conductor,
surrounded by an insulating layer, a conducting shield, and
the outermost plastic sheath. Thus, there are three
insulation layers for the inner copper cable.
There are two basic modes of data transmission in coaxial
cables: baseband mode that has dedicated bandwidth, and
broadband mode that has distributed cable bandwidth.
Cable TV and analog televisions mainly use coaxial cables.
Coaxial cables have better resistance to cross talk than
twisted pair cables. T
he coaxial cables are used for long distance
communication. The most widely used types of coaxial
cables are RG-59 and RG-6 (RG stands for 'radio guide').
RG-59 has lesser shielding and is suitable for short cable
lengths and cable TV connections. RG-6 has better
insulation than RG-59 and is used for satellite TV and
digital signal transmissions for better strength and longer
distances.
Advantages of coaxial cable:
High bandwidth
Easy and cheap installation
Better immunity from noise
Better scaling
Disadvantages to coaxial cables:
They're more prone to lightning strikes.
They cover less distance than fiber optic cables.
They carry less bandwidth than both fiber optic and
twisted pair cables.
Optical Fibers
Optical fibers use light waves for transmission.
Crosstalk, EMI, and attenuation aren't issues with
optical fibers.
Well-suited for voice, data, and video transmissions.
Most secure of all the cable media.
Installation and maintenance are difficult and costly.
Fiber optic cables have greater transmission speed, high
bandwidth, and the signal can travel longer distances
when compared to coaxial and twisted pair cables.
Cost of optical fiber cable is more than co-axial and
twisted pair cables. The additional optical components
needed for installation make fiber optic the costliest of
all the cables.
Advantages of optical fibers:
 There is zero interference and covers major cities and countries.
 They have high speed and high bandwidth.
 They're highly secure.
Disadvantages includes:
Installation and maintenance are difficult.
Cabling is costly.
Retrofitting an existing network is difficult, since
optical fibers are incompatible with many types of
electronic networking equipment.
Two modes of operation for optical fibers
Single-mode fiber, uses a single beam of light and
allows communication over great distances with better
transfer speed.
Multimode fiber, uses multiple light beams inside a
single fiber cable, has a reduced length and travel speed,
and has a larger bandwidth, but signal strength is
weakened.
Wireless / Unguided Transmission Media
The signal gets broadcast without any guided medium
through the air and is less secure.
 There are three types of wireless transmission media:
1. Radio wave
2. Infrared
3. Microwave
Advantages of unguided transmission
Useful in wireless remote accessing methods.
N/Ws can be expanded without disturbing the current
users.
Disadvantages include:
Potential security issues.
Limited speed compared to guided transmission media.

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