WELCOME

TO
CIVICS LESSON

GENDER,RELIGION & CASTE

D.NAGARAJ
PGT/HISTORY
JNV.BIDAR
CLASS - 10TH
 SUBJECT

POLITICAL SCIENCE
TITLE OF THE BOOK

DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
PART -II
TITLE OF THE CHAPTER

GENDER,RELIGION & CASTE

 GENDER
I O
RE L IG CA
N ST
E
 UNIT - 01
GENDER 1. Meaning
2. Gender Division
3. Sexual division of labour
4. Public & Private gender division
5. Feminist movement
6. Women Participation in public life
7. Patriarchal society
8. Diameters of Gender Inequalities
9. Family Laws
10. Measures taken to promote the
proportion of women in Indian legislature
11. How to empower women
MEANING OF GENDER

Social
differences
between
men &
women
GENDER DIVISION
1. Gender division is a form of
hierarchical social division
every where
2. Hierarchical-
a) Graded organization/priestly
govt
b) A ladder- like formation in
which all the caste groups are
placed
3. It is a natural and unchangeable
4. It is not based on biology but on
social expectation
Social Hierarchy
SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR

1. It means different
working conditions of
both men & women
2. A system women
do all works inside
the house & men do
all the works outside
the home
PUBLIC / PRIVATE GENDER DIVISION

1. Boys and girls are brought

up to believe that
A) The main responsibility
of woman is house
work/inside works
and
B) The main duty of men
outside works & earn
money for family
2. This is reflected in sexual
division of labour in families.
 HOUSE
WORKS OF
WOMEN
3. Domestic work of
woman is not valued
and also not recognized.
4. The woman population
is about 50% but their
role in politics and public
life is minimum.
5. Woman organized
agitation for voting right.
Feminist movement

Feminist- belief in the social,

political and economic right for
men and woman
 Demands Feminist movement

A) It is an
agitation
demanding
voting right
Feminist movement

B) Enhancing
political
and legal
status
Feminist movement

Enhancing
legal status
Feminist movement
C)Equality
in
personal
and
family
life
Woman Participation in public life
1. At present woman
participation is more in the
different fields
2. Ex-scientists, doctors,
engineers etc. of all
Scandinavian countries
woman participation is very
rich. (Sweden, Finland,
Norway)
PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY
Father is the
head of the
family in this
society
OR
Male
dominated
society
How woman are discriminated/Diameters of
gender inequalities
1. Low literacy rate
2. Higher studies
3. Highly paid woman job holders are
less.
4. The equal wage act
5. Preference to have sons
6. Proportion of woman in legislature
7. Decline in sex ratio
8. Harassment, Exploitation, Violence
against Woman are more in Urban
area
9. There is no safe place for woman
How woman were discriminated/diameters of gender inequalities

1. Low literacy rate

literacy rate of woman is
54% as against to 76% of
men.
(Indian's literacy rate 65.38%
in 2001)
2. Higher studies

a) Smaller no of girl
students go for higher
studies.
b) Parents want to pay
more money on sons
rather then daughters
c) Highly paid woman job
holders are less.
Higher
studies
3. There is equal wage act
a) Which intended
equal wages for
both men and
woman for equal
work.
b) But woman are
paid less then
men
4. Preference to have son

Because before giving

birth to female child
they going for
abortion.
5. Proportion of woman in legislature

Proportion of woman are -

a) In legislature less then
10% (parliament)
b) In assembly less then 5%
c) In local bodies 1/3
reservation
6. India is behind the
average for several
developing countries of
Africa and Latin
America.
7. Decline in sex ratio

India’s sex ratio-933 female for every 1000 male (2001)

INDIA’S SEX RETIO
Violence
8. Harassment,
Exploitation,
Violence against
Woman are
more in
Urban area
9. There
is
no
safe
place
for
woman
Family laws –
a) Laws are related to the
family
b)They apply differently to
different religions
c) They deal with family
related issues like-
a) Inheritance
b) Marriages
c) Divorce etc.
c) They deal with family related
issues like-

b) Marriages

c) Divorce

a) I n
herit
an c e
Measures taken to promote the proportion of women in Indian legislature –

A) Reservation of seats in
legislatures
B) Legal binding to have a
fair proportion
C) Raising literacy rate
Measures taken to empower women
1. Seats are reserved for women in
legislatures
2. Girls education Promoted
3. Opportunities to work in various
fields
4. Women welfare commission has
been set up
5. Dowry act passed(1961) to ban it
6. Sex discrimination made illegal
7. Sthree Shakti & Mahila mandlies
organized
8. Special police stations also set up
Seats are reserved for women in legislatures
Girls
education
Promoted
Opportunities

to work in
various
fields
Women welfare
commission has
been set up
Dowry act passed(1961) to ban it
Sex
discrimination
made illegal
Sthree Shakti & Mahila mandlies organized
Special police stations also set up
THANK YOU
 UNIT -02
RELIGION
• Reasons for social differences
• Relation between Religion &
Politics
• Communalism
• Causes for Communalism
• Various forms of Communalism in
Politics
Causes for social difference

1.Gender

2.Caste

3.Religion
RELATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND POLITICS

1. India is a land of many

religions.
2. Political parties take
advantage of these
religion.
3. Religious difference
generates close relation
between religion and
politics.
4.Gandhiji said that
a)“Religion can never be
separated from
politics”
b) He believed that
“politics should be
guided by ethics drawn
from religion”.
5. Human right group
“Expressed that
minorities are the
worst sufferers
during communal
riots”
6. Woman movements

“Argued that
family laws of all
religions
discriminate
woman”
 COMMUNALISM

Treating a person
belonging to one’s
own religion as
friends and other as
enemies
Causes for Communalism
1. British encouraged communal
politics –

a) Divide and rule police

b) Separate electorates
c) Separate identity
2. Economic backwardness
3. Fundamentalists
4. Communal medium , literature
5. Outside intervention like
Jammu and Kashmir
VARIOUS FORM OF COMMUNALISM IN POLITICS

1. Religious
prejudices –
Belief in the
superiority of one’s

own religion.
2. Majoritarian dominance –
Those in
majority
wants to
achieve
political,
social
dominance
over
minority.
 3. Minority
community

Minority
community
seek to form a
separate
political unit
4. Political mobilization on religion lines

This involves;-
a) Sacred symbols
b) Religious leaders c)
Emotional
appeals etc.
5. Misusing religious places
1. Many religion
misusing
religious places those
are controlled by
‘fundamentalists’
2. Instead of spreading
love and peace they
provoke the people
against other religions
6. The most ugly (hateful) form of communalism
A. Take place in the form of
i) Communal violence,
ii) Riots and
iii)Massacre
B. Ex- India and Pakistan
suffered from communal
riots at the time of
partition
Communal politics –

Use of religion in
politics where one
religion is shown as
superior to other.
THAK YOU
 UNIT - 03
CASTE • Secular State
• Features of Secular State
• Caste System
• Social Reformers
• Caste Inequalities
• Reasons for breaking down of the Caste System
• Caste in Politics
• Caste alone can not determine the election
results
• Politic in Caste
SECULAR STATE

In a state where
all religions are
treated equally
by the govt is
called ‘secular
state’
Features of Secularism;-
1. No official religion
2. All are free to practice and
propagate their religion
3. No discrimination on the
ground on religion
4. Some time state intervene in
the matters of religion in
order to ensure equality
within a religion
5. Ex – ban on untouchability
CASTE AND POLITICS

1. It is one of the social feature of

Caste system India.
2. Caste system existing
based on ‘hereditary
occupation’
3. Marriages are formed within
the cast group
4. Inhuman practice of
‘untouchability’ occurred due to
discrimination against the
“out cast” group
 Social reformers
5. Social reformers like
i) Jyotiba phule
ii) Gandhiji,
iii) B.R.Ambedkar and
iv) Periyar ramaswamy etc
6. Tried to reduce caste
inequalities
7. Due to their efforts and due
to other ‘socio-economic’
changes, changes occurred
in caste system in India
Cast inequalities
1. ‘Marriages’ performed
in the same castes.
2. People from different
castes do not interact
with each other
3. ‘Untouchability’ is still
present in some parts
4. Upper caste people who got
good education got top job
positions
5. Due to this they became
economically better
REASONS FOR BREAKING DOWN OF CASTE SYSTEM

1. Urbanization.
2. Occupational mobility.
3. Weakening in the
position of landlords.
4. Economic development.
5. Growth of literacy.
6. Education.
URBANIZATION
Occupational
mobility.
Weakening
in the
position
of
landlords
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
 Growt
h
of
literacy
Education
 CAST IN POLITICS
(INFLUENCE OF CAST IN POLITICS)

1. Politics parties choose

candidates on the basis
of caste.
2. Political parties and
candidates ask votes
based on the caste in the
election.
3. Distribution of ‘port folios’
(office of the ministry of state)
on the bases of caste.
CASTE ALONE CANNOT DETERMINE ELECTION RESULT

1.No parliament constituency has

a clean majority of any caste.
2. Many candidates in the same
caste may contest in the election.
3. Ruling party and sitting
MPs & MLAs loose in the election. It
may not happen if all belongs to
same caste vote
4. All voters of a single caste never
vote for the same candidate
5. Performance and popularity is the
matter in the election
 POLITICS IN CASTE
(INFLUNCE OF POLITICS IN CASTE)

1. It brings them within folds

2. Each cast group attempts to
increase its size and each caste
tries to widen its base to gain
popularity. They include neighboring
caste/sub castes which were not in
their group earlier
3. New kinds of caste group have come
up in political arena like backward
and forward caste groups
4. Different caste join together and form a
coalition they then discuss their demands
jointly
THANK YOU