Scribd
Upload
7 views

Ch.4 Load Estimation 2023

This document discusses methods for estimating electrical loads in buildings. It outlines connected load, demand factor, diversity factor, and load factor as key terms. Connected load is the total electricity supply provided to a meter. Demand factor is the ratio of maximum load demand to total connected loads. Diversity factor accounts for time spacing of different load operations. Load factor is actual energy delivered over possible energy delivered. The document then provides an example load estimation for a villa, calculating connected, demand, and maximum demand loads for each floor according to Egyptian code standards. The total estimated demand load for the villa is 51.17 KVA.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Ch.4 Load Estimation 2023

This document discusses methods for estimating electrical loads in buildings. It outlines connected load, demand factor, diversity factor, and load factor as key terms. Connected load is the total electricity supply provided to a meter. Demand factor is the ratio of maximum load demand to total connected loads. Diversity factor accounts for time spacing of different load operations. Load factor is actual energy delivered over possible energy delivered. The document then provides an example load estimation for a villa, calculating connected, demand, and maximum demand loads for each floor according to Egyptian code standards. The total estimated demand load for the villa is 51.17 KVA.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

LOAD ESTIMTION

Introduced by

Hani Abdel-Azizi
Ahmed Mohamed
Introduction:
- We estimate the loads to calculate the principle of the project

- So that we can obtain the building's electricity licenses

- In order to know what is space we will allocate for electrical equipment

- Of course, in the design stage, this will be an estimate for the minimum loads, and when we want to calculate the value of the transformer, we will recalculate with the final estimate.
What are the methods of estimating loads?

- There is a type that calculates the loads according to the nature of


consumption and the social level (low - medium - luxurious), and this is
calculated after we know the initial areas of the voids in the architectural
paintings

- There is a type that we calculate using tables according to the request of


using the building (hospital, house, restaurant, administrative, etc.)

- Possible by collecting used loads such as lighting, air conditioners and


sockets
TERMINOLOGY

Five terms are essential to the analysis of load characteristics:

- Connected load.
- demand factor
- Diversity factor
- load factor
- maximum demand.
Connected Load

- Connected Load is the total electricity supply that is provided to a meter.

- This is calculated in Kilo-Watt (or kW). It's the permissible total Kilo-Watt
provided to a meter based on the devices connected to the meter
Demand factor

It is the ratio of the maximum load demand in an electrical system to the total
sum of loads connected to the system. In other words, it is not normal for you
to operate all the lighting loads at the same time for a building. Rather, it is
normal for only a certain percentage of the total lighting load to work, and it is
less than 100%, and therefore the value of the demand coefficient will be less
than one.
Demand factor for residential building according to IEC.
Illumination: 50% of total connected load. Small appliance
circuits: 100% of rated load for maximum outlet wattage in the
circuit plus 40% of the total connected loads of other outlets in
the circuit.

Fixed appliance circuits and Fixed electric ranges: 100% of


rated load of largest equipment plus 50% for rated load for
the 1st equipment following the largest one plus 33% for the
2nd equipment following the largest load plus 20% of total
connected load of other equipment.

Electric water heaters: 100% of rated load of largest


equipment plus 100% for rated load for the 1st equipment
following the largest one plus 25% of total connected load of
other equipment.

Air-conditioning units: 100% of total connected load in all


cases.
Diversity factor

The diversity factor differs from the demand coefficient in that it is not related to a specific
type of load but is related to the time spacing when operating a group of loads of a different
nature, washing machine loads, lighting.
Type of load Demand factor
Cinemas 0.7 - 0.9
Shops 0.5
Theaters 0.6 - 0.8
Lifts 0.85 - 0.95
Hospitals
Kitchen 0.6
Lifts 1
Laundry 0.6
Sterilization 0.4
Medical equipment 0.6
Industry
Lighting. 1
General purpose equipment 0.4
Semi-continuous operations: paper mills, refineries, rubber, 0.6
Continuous operations: textile mills, chemicals, etc. 0.9
LOAD FACTOR:
Load factor is the actual a mount of kilowatt-hours (kWh) delivered on a system in a
designated period of time , as opposed to the total possible kWh that could be
delivered on a system in a designated period of time .
Egyptian Code:
Total electrical Loads

Total floors loads= Load Density (KVA/100m²) x Build up Area /100 (m²)

For villa

The area of ground floor plan = 209.45 m²

The area of first floor plan = 209.197 m²

The area of Penthouse floor plan = 196.33 m²

According to Egyptian Code, we will take The load density for ground floor plan
= ground floor plan for first floor plan = 10 (KVA/100m²)
Connect load (kVA)

The ground=20.95
The first =20.92
The floor =19.63

Demand factor According to Egyptian Code =0.8

Demand load (KVA)

Demand load (KVA) = Demand factor* Connect load (KVA)

The ground= 16.76


The first = 16.74
The floor = 15.71
Spare (KVA) from to Egyptian code =0.3

Max Demand with spare (KVA) = Demand load* Spare (KVA)


The ground=21.78
The first =21.76
The floor =20.42

Demand load /Bu (KVA)

Demand load /Bu (KVA)= Demand factor* Max Demand with spare (KVA)

The ground=17.74
The first =17.71
The floor =16.33
Total Demand load =51.17
P elev.= 15 –25 Kw

You might also like