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Sex-Linked Punnett Square Notes

This document discusses sex-linked traits and provides examples using Punnett squares. It explains that females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome. Traits located on the X chromosome can be sex-linked, with males more likely to exhibit recessive traits as they only receive one X. Examples given are color blindness and hemophilia. Punnett squares are used to calculate the probabilities of passing traits from parents to offspring based on their genotypes.

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Sharlayne Peralta
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101 views

Sex-Linked Punnett Square Notes

This document discusses sex-linked traits and provides examples using Punnett squares. It explains that females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome. Traits located on the X chromosome can be sex-linked, with males more likely to exhibit recessive traits as they only receive one X. Examples given are color blindness and hemophilia. Punnett squares are used to calculate the probabilities of passing traits from parents to offspring based on their genotypes.

Uploaded by

Sharlayne Peralta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sex-Linked Punnett

Square Notes
Karyotype
A photograph of a cell’s
chromosomes arranged in
pairs according to size
Normal Karyotype: 23
pairs of chromosomes
•pairs 1-22 are
autosomes
• pair 23 are
sex
chromosomes

24-5
Sex Chromosomes

Y
X chromosome
• has over 1,000 genes
• most genes on the X
chromosome do not have
corresponding alleles on the
Y chromosome
Y chromosome
• has only a few dozen genes
• some genes are unique only
to the Y chromosome
Sex-Linked Traits
 Those traits whose genes
are found on the X
chromosome but NOT on
the Y chromosome
Examples of Sex-linked Traits:
 Red-green colorblindness
 Male Pattern Baldness

 Hemophilia (Queen
Victoria was a carrier)
 Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy (fatal)
Color Blindness “tests”
The test below is simpler.
The individual with normal color vision will see a 5 revealed in the dot pattern.
An individual with Red/Green (the most common) color blindness will see
a 2 revealed in the dots.
 Females = XX –carry 2 alleles for a sex-
linked trait
 Males = XY – only carry 1 allele for a sex-
linked trait, so it is easier for them to get
sex-linked diseases.
 Males will express whether it is dominant or
recessive
 Females can be carriers and not show
 One X is normal and suppresses the recessive trait

Sex-Linked Traits, cont.

 Males receive sex-linked


traits from their mother
because their mother gives
them the X chromosome
and their father gives them
the Y chromosome
 All genotypes in sex-linked
problems must have chromosomes
Example of Sex-Linked Trait
 H = Normal blood clotting
 h = Hemophilia
Example of Sex-Linked Trait
 Normal male: XHY
 Male with Hemophilia:
XhY
 Normal female (not a carrier for
hemophilia – homozygous):
XHXH
 Normal female (carrier for X
XH h

hemophilia – heterozygous):
 Female with Hemophilia: h h
XX
Sample Problems
1. X XH h
x XY H
 Chances of:
 a. hemophiliac
child? ¼ or 25% XH
X h

 b. hemophiliac
X X
H H XHXh
son? 25% XH

 c. hemophiliac
daughter? 0% X H
Y XhY
 d. daughter Y
who is carrier? 25%
2. A woman who is a carrier for
hemophilia marries a hemophiliac man.

 Chances of: XHXh x XhY


 a. hemophiliac XH
X h

child? 2/4 or 50%


XH h
X XhXh
 b. hemophiliac Xh

son? 25% X Y
Y
H
XhY
 c. hemophiliac
daughter?
25%
3. A normal man marries a Homozygous
normal woman.

XHXH x XHY
 Chances of: XH XH

 a. Will any of X X
H H XHXH
XH
their kids be
Y XHY XHY
hemophiliacs?
0/4 or 0%
BLOOD TYPING
 There are 3 alleles of the gene that
controls blood type: IA , IB , i The I
stands for immunoglobin.
 IA and IB are Co-Dominant genes,
meaning when inherited together,
they are both fully expressed, not
blended, as in Incomplete
Dominance. “ i ” is the recessive
form of the allele.
 Possible genotypes are as follows:
Genotypes Blood type
IAIA or IAi A
IBIB or IBi B
I AI B AB
ii O
 Draw a Punnett square showing all
the possible genotypes for the
offspring produced by a type “O”
mother and a Type “AB” father.
 Cross: ii x IAIB

IB

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