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Transport Mechanism 2

The document discusses various transport mechanisms in cells including diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport, and bulk transport. It explains the differences between endocytosis, which is the inward budding of the plasma membrane to transport substances into the cell, and exocytosis, which is the outward budding of vesicles to transport substances out of the cell. The transport mechanisms allow cells to regulate what materials enter and exit across the plasma membrane.

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Jake Vincent Lagapa
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9 views

Transport Mechanism 2

The document discusses various transport mechanisms in cells including diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport, and bulk transport. It explains the differences between endocytosis, which is the inward budding of the plasma membrane to transport substances into the cell, and exocytosis, which is the outward budding of vesicles to transport substances out of the cell. The transport mechanisms allow cells to regulate what materials enter and exit across the plasma membrane.

Uploaded by

Jake Vincent Lagapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transport Mechanisms in Cells

Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis


LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
• Explain transport mechanisms in cells (diffusion,
osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport)
(STEM_BIO11/12-Ig-h-13)

• Differentiate exocytosis and endocytosis


(STEM_BIO11/12-Ig-h-14)
REVIEW!

What are plasma membranes?


Plasma Membrane
-protects the cell from its external environment,
mediates cellular transport, and transmits cellular
signals.

-The principal components of the plasma


membrane are lipids (phospholipids and
cholesterol), proteins, andcarbohydrates.
-The plasma membrane mediates cellular
processes by regulating the materials that enter and
exit the cell.

-The plasma membrane carries markers that


allow cells to recognize one another and can
transmit signals to other cells via receptors.

Activity
The Transport Mechanisms
1. DIFFUSION
Passive movement of molecules from a region of
high concentration to a region of low
concentration.
(Concentration gradient is the difference in
concentration between the two regions)
-Small, uncharged molecules like O2, CO2 and
H2O can move easily through the membrane.

-Works well over short distances. Once


molecules enter the cell, the rate of
diffusion slows.

-Limits cell size.


2. OSMOSIS
• Diffusion of the solvent across a semi-
permeable membrane separating two
solutions. (Diffusion of water)

• Water molecules move from a region of high


concentration to a region of low
concentration.
• Direction depends on the relative
concentration of water molecules on either
side of the cell membrane.
Isotonic: Water inside the cell equals the water
outside the cell and equal
amounts of water move in and out of the cell.
Hypotonic: Water outside the cell is greater than
that inside the cell, water moves into the cell,
may cause cell to burst (lysis)
Hypertonic: Water inside the cell is greater
than outside. Water moves out of the cell, may
cause the cell to shrink (plasmolysis)
3. FACILITATED TRANSPORT (ALSO KNOWN AS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION OR PASSIVE-MEDIATED
TRANSPORT)

• Assists with the movement of large molecules


like glucose.

• Passive movement of a substance into or out of


the cell by means of carrier
proteins or channel proteins.
• Moves molecules from high to low regions of
concentration.
a.Carrier proteins: Transports noncharged
molecules with a specific shape.
b.Channel proteins: Tunnel shape that
transports small charged molecules.
• DOES NOT REQUIRE water molecules for
other molecules to transfer.
4. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• The process of moving substances against
their concentration gradients

• Requires Energy.
Examples:
-Kidney cells pump glucose and amino acids out of the urine and back into the blood.
-Intestinal cells pump in nutrients from the gut.
-Root cells pump in nutrients from the soil.

-Gill cells in fish pump out sodium ions.


Potassium is one of the main blood minerals, or
electrolytes, essential to both cellular and
electrical function.

- regulates the water balance and the acid-base


balance in the blood and tissues, and
- plays a critical role in the transmission of
electrical impulses in the heart.
Sodium helps the body keep fluids in a normal
balance .

Sodium plays a key role in normal nerve and


muscle function.
Sodium enters the body through food and drink and
leaves the body primarily in sweat and urine.
Active Transport Pump:
-Sodium-potassium pump

-3 sodium ions inside the cell and 2 potassium


ions outside the cell bind to
the pump
-This allows the release of energy from ATP
and causes the protein complex to change
shape.

-The change in shape allow the Na+ and K+


ions to move across and be
released.
5. BULK TRANSPORT

1. Endocytosis: The cell membrane folds


inward, traps and encloses a small
amount of matter from the extracellular fluid.
3 Types of Endocytosis:

Pinocytosis: The intake of a small droplet of


extracellular fluid. This occurs in nearly all cell
types.
2.Phagocytosis: The intake of a large droplet of
extracellular fluid. This occurs in specialized
cells.
3.Receptor-assisted endocytosis:

The intake of specific molecules that attach to


special proteins in the cell membrane. These
proteins are uniquely
shaped to fit the shape of a specific molecule.
2. Exocytosis:

The reverse of endocytosis: A vesicle from


inside the cell moves to the cell membrane.
The vesicle fuses to the membrane and the
contents are secreted.
ENRICHMENT
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ptmlvtei8hw

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