GSM MS Behaviors in

Idle Mode
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Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Foreword
 Once the MS is power on and there is a live network exist, the MS will be in either
idle mode or dedicated mode.
 In idle mode, the MS has no dedicated connection with network, but it is still
controlled by the many parameters and functions in the system.
 The MS behaviors in idle mode include:
 System information reception
 Cell selection and reselection
 Location update
 Paging processing
 Access processing.
 There are also some other parameters to be introduced which is related with the
future processing of network access.

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Page2
 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the working principles of the MS Behaviors in Idle Mode
feature
 Perform parameters modification of the MS Behaviors in Idle Mode
feature
 Get to know other parameters which related with the future
processing after network access.

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Page3
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other parameters

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4
 System Information Reception
 By reading system information, MS can access the network, perform cell
selection and reselection, fully utilize various services provided by the network,
and achieve favorable cooperation with the network.
 System information (SYS INFO) contains network parameters sent to MS
through Um interface
 network identity parameters
 cell selection parameters
 system control parameters
 network function parameters
 System information can be sent through two kinds of logical channels
 System information on BCCH
 System information on SACCH

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 SYS INFO 1
 SYS INFO 1
 It contains random access control information (RACH) and cell
frequency allocation table (i.e. CA table). It is transmitted on
BCCH.

 Content
 SYS INFO 1
 Cell Channel Description
(cell channel description format)
 RACH Control Parameter
(random access channel control parameter)

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 SYS INFO 2
 SYS INFO 2
 It contains access control information (RACH), network color code permitted (NCC
Permitted), and neighbor cell frequency allocation list (BA1 list). It is transmitted on
BCCH. Generally speaking, SYS INFO 2, 2BIS, 2TER contains different parts of the
neighbor cell’s BCCH frequencies. Via reading and decoding BA1 list, MS can
perform cell reselection in idle mode. For a MS of GSM900 PHASE I, it only reads the
neighbor cell BCCH frequencies defined in SYS INFO 2, and ignores those carried by
2BIS and 2TER.
 Content
 SYS INFO 2
 Neighbor Cell BCCH Frequency Description
 NCC Permitted
 RACH Control Parameter

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 SYS INFO 2BIS
 SYS INFO 2BIS
 2BIS contains RACH control data and neighbor cell’s BCCH frequencies
(part of BA1 list). It is optional and transmitted on BCCH. As the number of
frequencies in BA1 list carried by SYS INFO 2 is limited, SYS INFO 2BIS
carries the rest of the BCCH frequencies in the BA1 list that are from the
same band as in SYS INFO 2.

 Content
 SYS INFO 2BIS
 Neighbor Cell Description.
 RACH Control Parameter (Same as those in SYS INFO 1)

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 SYS INFO 2TER
 SYS INFO 2TER
 2TER contains neighbor BCCH frequencies (part of BA1 list). It is
transmitted on BCCH. Only dual band MS can read this information, and
single band 900 or 1800 MS will ignore it. Since this information carries
BCCH frequencies that belong to different band other than those in SYS
INFO 2, it is unnecessary for single band MS to read.

 Content
 SYS INFO 2TER
 Neighbor Cell Description (extended)

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 SYS INFO 3
 SYS INFO 3
 It contains LAI, cell identity, RACH control parameters and cell selection
related parameters. It is transmitted on BCCH. It is one of the most important
information.
 Content
 SYS INFO 3
 Cell Identity
 LAI (location area identity)
 Control Channel Description
 Cell Option
 Cell Selection Parameter
 RACH Control Parameter

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 SYS INFO 4
 SYS INFO 4
 It consists LAI, RACH control parameters, cell selection parameters and optional
CBCH channel information. It is transmitted on BCCH. When the cell supports cell
broadcast function, CBCH together with CBCH MA describe the configuration of
CBCH the relevant frequency information.
 Content
 SYS INFO 4
 LAI
 Cell Selection Parameter
 RACH Control Parameter
 CBCH Channel Description (optional)
 CBCH Mobile Allocation (optional)
 SI4 Rest Octets (parameters related to cell reselection)

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Page11
 SYS INFO 5
 SYS INFO 5
 It describes the neighbor cell BCCH frequencies(BA2 list). It is mandatory
and is transmitted on SACCH. Different from SYS INFO 2, MS can read the
frequency described in SYS INFO 5 in dedicated mode, report the relevant
information of neighbor cells in measurement reports, and use it as the basis
for handover. Similarly, for 900 MS of PHASE 1, it only recognizes the
neighbor cell frequencies described by SYS INFO 5, and ignores those
carried by SYS INFO 5BIS and 5TER.
 Content
 SYS INFO 5
 Neighbor Cell Description

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 SYS INFO 5BIS
 SYS INFO 5BIS
 5BIS describes neighbor cells’ BCCH frequencies.These frequencies are part
of BA2 list. It is optional and is transmitted on SACCH. Generally, as the
number of frequencies which can be described by SYS INFO 5 is limited,
SYS INFO 5BIS carries the rest BCCH frequencies in the BA2 which belong
to the same band as SYS INFO 5.

 Content
 SYS INFO 5BIS
 Neighbor Cell Description

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 SYS INFO 5TER
 SYS INFO 5TER
 5TER describes neighbor cells’ BCCH frequencies, these frequencies are
also a part of the BA2 list. It is transmitted on SACCH. Similarly, only dual
band MS can read this information, and single band GSM900 or GSM1800
MS will ignore it. It carries the BCCH frequencies of neighbor cells whose
band are different from the serving cell’s.

 Content
 SYS INFO 5TER
 Neighbor Cell Description (Extended)

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 SYS INFO 6
 SYS INFO 6
 It describes LAI, cell identity, and some parameters describing the cell’s
functions. It is transmitted on SACCH. It is also one of the most important
system information.
 Content
 SYS INFO 6
 Cell Identity
 LAI
 Cell Option
 NCC Permitted

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Page15
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other parameters

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Page16
 Cell Selection/Reselection Parameters
 RXLEV-ACCESS-MIN
 MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
 CBQ (Cell_Bar_Qualify)
 CBA (Cell_Bar_Access)
 CRO (Cell Reselection Offset)
 TO (Temporary Offset)
 PT (Penalty Time)
 PI (Cell Reselect Parameters Indication)
 CRH ( Cell Reselection Hysteresis)

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 Cell Selection Process
 There are two kinds of cell selection
 Stored list cell selection
 Normal cell selection

 In fact, the process might be different for different MSs

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Page18
 Stored List Cell Selection

Search BCCH
frequency which has
been stored

Try the frequencies

YES Decode SCH,
in the BA list of the Is it a BCCH read cell para. on
stored frequency carrier? BCCH
one by one No

No Try all the No Right PLMN&C1>0&

frequencies stored? priority is not
prohibited ?
YES
Normal Cell
Selection Come into
idle mode

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 Normal Cell Selection
Search all Rank according to
frequency receiving level

Select the frequency with

the highest Rx_level

Select the next frequency

with the higher Rx_level

No YES Decode SCH, read Stay in a cell(RX-LEV is strongest, C1>0 ,

Is it a BCCH
cell para. on BCCH cell priority is not prohibited) without
carrier?
considering the PLMN
YES Right PLMN&C1>0& No
priority is Normal ?
All frequency not satisfy Emergency call
mode
Come into YES Right PLMN&C1>0& No
idle mode priority is Low ?
All frequency not satisfy No
YES Try the cell of other PLMN
allowed in the SIM card
No

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Page20
 PLMN Selection Parameter
 CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI
 Once MS receives SYS INFO, it decodes the CGI information, and
decides whether it can stay in the cell according to the MCC and MNC
indicated by CGI.
 At the same time, it judges whether the current location area is changed,
so as to decide whether to execute location update. During the location
update process, MS will report the new LAI to the network, so that the
network can know the LA in which MS is currently located.

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Page21
 Cell Selection Parameter
C1 indicates the path loss criterion of cell selection.

C1 of the serving cell must be greater than 0. It is calculated as follows:

C1 = RXLEV - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN - MAX((MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P), 0)

In the case of a DCS1800 class 3 MS, C1 is calculated as follows:

C1 = RXLEV - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN - MAX((MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH + POWER_OFFSET - P), 0)

• RXLEV indicates the average receive level of the MS

• RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN indicates the minimum receive level required for the MS to access the
network.
• MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH indicates the maximum transmit power allowed for the MS to access the
network.
• POWER_OFFSET indicates PWRDIV of the MS.
• P indicates the maximum output power of the MS.

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Page22
 RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN

 Parameter ID: RXMIN

 Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm ~ -47 dBm)
 Default Value: 8
 Description: Minimum received signal level of the MS. This
parameter specifies the minimum receive level of an MS to
access the BSS. For details. see GSM Rec. 05.08.

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

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Page23
 MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
 Parameter ID: FMSMAXOPCC
 Value Range: 0~19
 Unit: level
 Default Value: 5 (900MHz cell),0 (1800/1900MHz cell)
 Description: This parameter determines the maximum transmit power
level of the MS when it begins to access a cell and has not yet received
power control command.

MML: SET GCELLCCCH

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Page24
 CBA (Cell Bar Access)
 Parameter ID: CBA
 Value Range: No, Yes
 Default Value: No
 Description: Cell_Bar_Access, worked together with CBQ to set the
priority status of the cell in idle mode for cell selection and reselection.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page26
 CBQ (Cell Bar Qualify)
 Parameter ID: CBQ
 Value Range: No, Yes
 Default Value: No
 Description: Cell_Bar_Qualify. CBQ only affects the cell selection,
but is not related to cell reselection. It works with CBA to define the
access priorities of cells.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page27
 Application of CBA and CBQ

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 Application of CBA and CBQ

A B

The traffic of cell A and B is heavy. Set these two cells with
CBA=“Yes”, CBQ=“No”.

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Page29
 Application of CBA and CBQ

A
B

B is a micro cell. Set B to “Normal” and A to “Low”.

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Page30
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other parameters

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31
 Cell Reselection
 Under certain condition, MS will select a neighbor cell as its new
serving cell, this procedure is called cell reselection.
 The possible neighbor cells’ information in idle mode are held in
BA1 table, which will be broadcasted to MS via BCCH.
 Those for dedicated mode ones are held in BA2 table, which will be
broadcasted to MS via SACCH.

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 Normal Neighbor Cells

B B
A C A C
D D

Theoretical Neighbor Cells Actual Neighbor Cells

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 Special Neighbor Cells

B
A
C

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Page34
 Forced Cell Reselection
 Forced cell reselection will be triggered under the follow conditions:
 Current serving cell is prohibited
 Down link of serving cell fails: DSC=0
 C1 is less than 0 continuously for 5s
 The access times exceed the value of parameter MSMAXRETRAN

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Page35
 Normal Cell Reselection
 When there is no abnormal situation happened, MS will trigger normal cell
reselection as described below:
 Cell reselection for cells in the same location area
 If the C2 value of the target cell is higher than that of the serving cell for longer
than 5 seconds, a cell reselection process will be performed and the MS tunes to
the new cell.
 Cell reselection for cells in different location areas
 If the C2 value of the target cell is higher than that of the serving cell by at least
the value of CRH for longer than 5 seconds, a location update process and the
cell reselection process will be performed.

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Page36
 Cell Reselection Parameter
C2=C1+CRO-TO*H(PT-T) When PT is not equal to 31
C2=C1-CRO When PT is equal to 31

For neighbor cell:

H(PT-T)=0, when PT-T<0
H(PT-T)=1, when PT-T ≥ 0

For serving cell:

H(PT-T) = 0

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Page37
 CRO(Cell Reselect Offset)
 Parameter ID: CRO
 Value Range: 0~63( the corresponding level value: 0~126dB, stepped
every 2dB).
 Unit: 2dB
 Default Value: 0
 Description: Cell Reselect Offset. It is a parameter in C2 calculation
to give an intentional modification in MS cell reselection.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page38
 TO(Cell Reselect Temporary Offset)
 Parameter ID: TO
 Value Range: 0~7 (the corresponding value is 0~60dB, 7 corresponds to
“Infinite”).
 Default Value: 0
 Description: Cell Reselect Temporary Offset. It is a parameter in C2
criterion to give a temporary modification within PT time.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEAD

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Page39
 PT(Cell Reselect Penalty Time)
 Parameter ID: PT
 Value Range: 0~30(the corresponding time is 20~620s), 31(reserved for
changing the effect of CRO on C2)
 Unit: Second
 Default Value: 0
 Description: Cell Reselect Penalty Time. It is used to ensure the safety and
validity of cell reselection because it helps to avoid frequent cell reselection.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEAD

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Page40
 PI(Cell Reselect Parameters Indication)
 Parameter ID: PI
 Value Range: Yes , No
 Default Value: Yes
 Description: Cell Reselect Parameters Indication (PI), sent on the
broadcast channel, indicates whether "Cell Reselect Offset (CRO)",
"Cell Reselect Temporary Offset (TO)" in the "SET GCELLIDLEAD"
command, and "Cell Reselect Penalty Time (PT)" are used.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page41
 CRH(Cell Reselect Hysteresis)
 Parameter ID: CRH
 Value Range: 0~14, the step size is 2dB
 Unit: dB
 Default Value: 6
 Description: Cell Reselection Hysteresis. It is the parameter used when
cell reselection happens between two location areas.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page42
 Question
 One MS is switched on. The parameters of the MS and cells shown on the next
slide.
 Other given conditions:
 Rx_Lev_Access_Min = 8 (-102 dBm)
 MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH=5 (for every cell)
 Please give the answers for following questions:
 Which cells will be selected after the MS is powered on ?
 Which cell will be selected after cell reselect (suppose the current serving cell is H)?

Cell Select
and Reselct Answers.rar

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Page43
 Question 900MHZ
RXLev= -58dBm
CBA=No, CBQ=No
C
H 900MHZ
RXLev= -65dBm
CBA=No, CBQ=No
PI=No
PI=Yes PT=0
1800MHZ PT=0 CRO=2
CRO=5
RXLev= -66dBm
CBA=No, CBQ=No
B MCC=460
MCC=460
CRH=12dB
PI=Yes CRH=4dB TO=6
PT=1 TO=7 1800MHZ MNC=01
CRO=6 MNC=99 RXLev= -78dBm
MCC=460 CBA=No, CBQ=No
CRH=6dB
TO=6
PI=Yes
PT=0
G
MNC=01 CRO=4
MCC=460
CRH=4dB
TO=6
900MHZ
RXLev= -64dBm A MS MNC=01

CBA=Yes, CBQ=Yes 900MHZ

RXLev= -62dBm
PI=No
PT=1
F CBA=Yes, CBQ=Yes
CRO=0 PI=Yes
MCC=460 PT=0
CRH=6dB
Dual Band CRO=3
TO=6 MCC=460
IMSI 460010000032093 CRH=6dB
MNC=01
TO=6
MNC=01
1800MHZ
900MHZ
RXLev= -75dBm
RXLev= -59dBm
CBA=No, CBQ=No
LAC border CBA=No, CBQ=Yes
PI=Yes
D PI=Yes
E
PT=1
PT=0
CRO=10
CRO=10
MCC=460
MCC=460
CRH=0dB
CRH=6dB
TO=6
TO=7
MNC=01
MNC=01

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Page44
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other parameters

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page45
 Definition of Location Update
Inform the system the LA (Location Area) where the MS is located.


Normal location update



Period location update



Attach


LA 1

LA 2

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Page46
 Period of Periodic Location Update(T3212)
 Parameter ID: T3212
 Value Range: 0~255
 Unit: 6 minutes
 Default Value: 20
 Description: It is the Periodic Location Update Timer. It defines the
interval of periodic location update.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page47
 Procedure of Periodic Location Update

MSC reset reset reset

BSC

MS

1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour

 ++ + + +

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Page48
 Abnormal Occasion

The subscriber you

dialed has been
powered off
But I am always
powered on

LA 1

LA 2

LA 3

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Page49
 Reason1 of Abnormal Occasion

MSC

BSC

MS

1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour

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Page50
 Reason2 of Abnormal Occasion

MSC

BSC

MS

1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour


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Page51
 Reason3 of Abnormal Occasion

LAC

“Ping-pong Reselect”

A B

T3212=4 T3212=8

Even if T3212 setting is less than the system (MSC) query time, the system
will still sometimes voice “The subscriber you dialed is powered off”.

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Page52
 ATT (Attach-detach Allowed)
 Parameter ID: ATT
 Value Range: Yes, No
 Default Value ： Yes
 Description: It is Attach-detach allowed. It is used to inform MS whether
IMSI attach-detach is allowed in this cell. If it is set to “Yes”, the
network will not process the connection to the called mobile subscriber
when MS is power-off. Thus network processing time and radio
resources are saved. Otherwise the network will process the connection
even though the MS has been powered off.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page53
 Abnormal Occasions
 What will happen if MS is powered off in a cell with “ATT=yes” and then powered on in
a new cell with “ATT=no” in the same LAC?
 Then what will happen if MS is powered on in a cell with “ATT=yes” and then powered
off in a cell with “ATT=no” in the same LAC?
 What will happen if the two cells belong to different LAC?

LAC

Powered off Powered on

ATT=yes ATT=no

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Page54
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other parameters

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page55
 Paging Resources

 Paging messages are delivered on PCH channel which belongs to

CCCH, then how many CCCH and PCH channels are configured?
How about the paging performance?

Downlink CCCH Uplink CCCH

PCH AGCH NCH RACH

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Page56
 Paging Resources

 What kind of CCCH channels are configured?

 Decided by parameter: CCCH Conf

 How many CCCH blocks are used for PCH in one 51 multi-frame?
 Decided by parameter: BSAGBLKSRES (CCCH Blocks Reserved for AGCH)

 How many 51 multi-frame is one paging cycle?

 Decided by parameter: BS_PA_MFRMS

 How does the MS know which PCH block belongs to it?

 Calculated by CCCH grouping and IMSI of MS

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Page57
 CCCH Conf
 Value Range: 1 Compounding CCCH , 1 Non-Compounding CCCH, 2
Non-Compounding CCCHs, 3 Non-compounding CCCHs, 4 Non-
compounding CCCHs.
 Default Value: When there is one TRX in the cell, one combined CCCH is
recommended (in a system with few paging messages in location area). For
others, it is configured according to the number of TRX in the cell.
 Description: It is Common Control Channel Configuration. CCCH
configuration determines the capacity of PCH, AGCH and RACH. This
parameter can be automatically configured by system according to the TRX
channel configuration.
 Location: This parameter depend on channel configuration

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page58
 BSAGBLKSRES (CCCH Blocks Reserved for AGCH)
 Parameter ID: BSAGBLKSRES
 Value Range: 0~7 (Non-Compounding CCCHs), 0~2 (1 combined
CCCH)
 Unit: Block
 Default Value: 2 (Non-combined CCCH), 1(1 combined CCCH)
 Description: BS-AG-BLKS-RES, indicating the number of the CCCH
message blocks reserved for the AGCH. After the CCCHs are
configured, the value of this parameter indicates the actual seizure rates
of the AGCHs and the PCHs over the CCCHs.
MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page59
 BSPAMFRAMS (Multi-Frames in a Cycle on the
Paging CH)

 Parameter ID: BSPAMFRAMS

 Value Range: 2~9
 Unit: Multi-frame period (51 frames)
 Default Value: 2 Multi-frame period
 Description: It is Paging Channel Multi-frames. It defines the number of
multi-frames used as a cycle of paging sub-channels.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

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Page60
 Example of Paging Group
AGCH AGCH PCH1 1
8 Multi-
The
PCH10 frame
First AGCH AGCH 2
. form
Paging 1 Non-Compounding CCCH . （ PCH N—the Nth paging channel ）
one
BS_AG_BLKS_RES=2
period BS_PA_MFRAMES= 8 Multi-frame period..(51 frames) period

AGCH AGCH PCH56 8

AGCH AGCH PCH1 9

The
second AGCH AGCH PCH10 10
.
Paging .
.
period .
AGCH AGCH PCH56 16
. . .
. . .
. . .
. .
MSA MS B MS C .

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Page61
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other Parameters

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page62
 Overview of Network Access
 Network access is a relay procedure for MS from idle mode to
dedicated mode.
 Normal reasons of network access include:
 Originated call setup
 Paging response
 Location update
 SMS
 Network access of MS will be controlled by system with the help of
some parameters which will be introduced detailed later.

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Page63
 Random Access of MS
 Below show us the procedure of MS’ random access to network

Time
0 16 1718 19 50 0 50
BCCH
TS 0 R R R R R R R R R R R RR R R R R R RR R RR R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R RR
Uplink

if no response, the MS will retry again

certain seconds later, How long? And
how many times of retry maximal?
Subcriber push button The MS possibly
at this moment to send the access burst
setup a call at this moment, why?

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page64
 TX-integer
 Parameter ID: TX
 Value Range: 3~12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50
 Unit: RACH Timeslot (equals to a TDMA frame, 4.615ms)
 Default Value: 32
 Description: Used to calculate the number of timeslots in the interval
between multiple channel requests sent by MS.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page65
 Calculation of S

S
TX-integer
Non-Combined CCCH Combined CCCH

3, 8, 14, 50 55 41
4, 9, 16 76 52
5, 10, 20 109 58
6, 11, 25 163 86
7, 12, 32 217 115

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page66
 Max Retransmissions for Radio Priority 1,
2, 3, 4
 Parameter ID:MAXRETRANS1, MAXRETRANS2, MAXRETRANS3,
MAXRETRANS4
 Value Range: 1, 2, 4, 7
 Unit: Time(s)
 Default Value: 7 Times
 Description: MAX Retransmissions is the upper limit of times that MS is
allowed to send “Channel Request” in one immediate assignment
procedure.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page67
 Max Retransmissions for Radio Priority 1,
2, 3, 4
 Maximum retransmission for radio priority 1, 2 … 4. The 2bit Radio
Priority message carried by the MS in the Packet Channel Request
message has four levels of priorities. Level 1 is the highest priority,
and level 4 is the lowest priority.

MML: SET GCELLPRACH

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page68
 Common Access Control Class
 Parameter ID: COMMACC
 Value Range: Level 0~9 Forbidden
 Default Value: 0000000000
 Description: One of the parameters of random access control information. It
is used for load control of ordinary subscribers, to permit or forbid the
network access of some common level users. “1” stands for forbidden and
“0” for permitted.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page69
 Special Access Control Class
 Parameter ID: SPECACC
 Value Range: Level 11~15 Forbidden
 Default Value: 00000
 Description: It is used for load control, permitting or forbidding the
network access of some special level users. “1” stands for forbidden and
“0” for permitted.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page70
 Emergent Call Disable
 Parameter ID: ERGCALLDIS
 Value Range: Yes, No
 Default Value: No
 Description: Emergence Call Disable. When EC Disable is set to “No”, it
means emergency call is permitted. Otherwise it is prohibited.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page71
 Contents
1. System Information Reception

2. Cell Selection

3. Cell Reselection

4. Location Update

5. Paging Processing

6. Access Processing

7. Other Parameters

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page72
 CS RACH Min. Access Level
 Parameter ID: RACHACCLEV
 Value Range: -121~-104
 Unit: dBm
 Default Value: -109
 Description: The parameter affects the access of MS. This parameter specifies the
level threshold for the random access of the MS. If the receive level of the RACH
burst in the CS domain is smaller than the value of CS RACH Min.Access Level,
the BTS regards this access as an invalid one and no decoding is performed. If the
receive level of the RACH burst is greater than the value of CS RACH Min.
Access Level, the BTS considers that an access request exists on this timeslot, and
determines together with the value of "Random Access Error Threshold" whether
the RACH access is valid.

MML: SET GCELLCCACCESS

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page73
 PS RACH Min. Access Level
 Parameter ID: PSRACHACCLEV
 Value Range: -121~-104
 Unit: dBm
 Default Value: -109
 Description: The parameter affects access to the packet service. This parameter
specifies the level threshold for the random access of the MS. If the receive level
of the RACH burst in the PS domain is smaller than the value of PS RACH
Min.Access Level, the BTS regards this access as an invalid one and no decoding
is performed. If the receive level of the RACH burst is greater than the value of
PS RACH Min. Access Level, the BTS considers that an access request exists on
this timeslot, and determines together with the value of "Random Access Error
Threshold" whether the RACH access is valid.

MML: SET GCELLCCACCESS

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page74
 ECSC (Early Classmark Sending Control)
 Parameter ID: ECSC
 Value Range: Yes, No
 Default Value: No
 Description: Early Classmark Sending Control. It indicates if an MS in the cell is
allowed to use early Classmark sending.
 Yes: The MS reports Classmark3 to the network immediately after link setup.
 No: The MS is forbidden to report its Classmark3 to network initiatively.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page75
 Definition of Classmark
 In GSM system, the abilities that MS supports, such as service ability, band
ability, power ability, encryption ability, is described by the classmark. BSC
decodes the information according to the requirement of network and transfer to
the network.
 There are 3 kinds of classmark:Classmark1 、 Classmark2 、 Classmark3.
 Network knows about abilities of MS either via inquiring for MS’s
CLASSMARK or via requiring MS to report CLASSMARK3 immediately by
itself after link setup.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page76
 Classmark Update Flow
 For dual-band MS, after the SCCP
connection is established and before
MS BSS MSC
receiving message "CM Service Accepted"
Classmark Request
there will be a class mark update flow.
Classmark Enquiry
 CR message reports the information of
Classmrk 2. And in the class mark update
Classmark Change
flow, MS will report Classmark 3 Classmark Update
information which is related to the dual-
band capability.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page77
 Information about Classmark 2/3

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page78
 TCH Immediate Assignment
 Parameter ID: IMMASSEN
 Value Range: Yes, No
 Default Value : No
 Description: Whether to allow immediate TCH assignment. If this
parameter is set to YES, the BSC can assign a TCH immediately when
there is no available SDCCH for a channel request. If this parameter is
set to NO, the BSC can assign only an SDCCH when processing a
channel access request.

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page79
 Immediate Assignment Optimization
 Parameter ID: IMMASSCBB
 Value Range: Yes, No
 Default Value : No
 Description: The channel activation and immediate assignment messages are
sent at the same time to reduce the signaling processing time, thus increasing
the response speed of the network. This parameter is mainly used for satellite
transmission, i.e., to reduce the impact of satellite transmission delay.
 Yes: when the Transmission Mode of the BTS is Satellite transmission


No: when the Transmission Mode of the BTS is Terrestrial transmission

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page80
 Signaling Flow of Immediate Assignment
Optimization
MS BTS BSC MSC
Channel_req Channel_Required
MS BTS BSC
Channel_Active

Channel_Active_Ack
CHAN_ACT
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND
First SABM
Establish_IND (CM Service Req)
UA IMM_ASS_CMD
CR(Complete_L3_
information) CHAN_ACT_ACK
CC

CM Service Accepted (NOTE 1)

…

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page81
 Directed Retry
 In TCH assignment process, if there is no TCH available, handover can
take place instead of assignment, and this is called direct retry.
 Huawei improves directed retry on two sides:
 Traffic
 Receive level

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page82
 Directed Retry Procedure
Start

No
[Directed Retry] is enabled? End: Assignment failure

Yes
Traffic [Assignment
No Cell Load Judge Enable]
is enabled?
Yes
Load of the No
current cell  [Cell Directed
Retry Forbidden Threshold](s)?

Yes
Load of the No
neighbor cell ≤ [Directed Retry Load
Access Threshold](n)?
Yes

RXLEV(n) >RXLEV (s) +

No
[Inter-cell HO Hysteresis](s->n)
Rxlevel - [Direct Retry Handover Level Range](s->n) ?

Yes
End: Trigger directed retry

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page83
 Directed Retry Parameter Setting

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page84
  See notes

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page85
 Directed Retry Parameter Setting

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page86
 Radio Link Timeout
 Parameter ID: RLT
 Value Range: 4~64, the step size is 4
 Unit: SACCH period (480ms)
 Default Value: 52
 Description: This parameter is used for MS to decide downlink disconnection
in case of SACCH decoding failures.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page87
 Application of Radio Link Timeout

Poor coverage

P Q
A B

Impact of radio link timeout

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page88
 Radio Link Timeout
 To increase the robustness of the SACCH channel, to improve the AMR
network coverage performance, and to lower the call drop rate, in practice the
AMR FR/HR RLT should be set higher.

Call Type Parameter Default Value

Normal Call  Radio Link Timeout (SACCH period(480ms)) 52

AMR FR  AFR Radio Link Timeout (SACCH period(480ms)) 64

AMR HR  AHR Radio Link Timeout (SACCH period(480ms)) 52

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page89
 SACCH Multi-Frames
 Parameter ID: SAMULFRM
 Value Range: 0~63
 Unit: SACCH period (480ms)
 Default Value: 32
 Description: It is a timer used to determine whether the uplink radio link connection fails.
BSS judges the uplink radio link failure according to uplink SACCH BER.
 Every time BTS fails to decode the MR sent from MS, this timer decreases by 1;
 Every time BTS succeeds to decode the MR, this timer increases by 2.
 When this timer reaches 0, BTS judges that the uplink radio connection fails, then BTS sends a
radio connection failure message to BSC.
 This parameter and the radio link timeout (RLT) are used to judge the uplink/downlink radio
connection failure.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page90
 SACCH Multi-Frames
 To increase the robustness of the SACCH channel, to improve the AMR network
coverage performance, and to lower the call drop rate, in practice the AMR
FR/HR SACCH Multi-Frames should be set higher.

Call Type Parameter Default Value

Normal Call  SACCH Multi-Frames (SACCH period(480ms)) 32

AMR FR  AFR SACCH Multi-Frames (SACCH period(480ms)) 64

AMR HR  AHR SACCH Multi-Frames (SACCH period(480ms)) 52

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page91
 T200
 Parameter ID: T200
 Value Range: 60~2400 (step: 10)
 Unit: ms
 Default Value: 12
 Description: T200 timer (LAPD protocol) is used to avoid deadlock during data transfer on the
data link layer. The value of the timer indicates the time when the LAPD link waits for the
response or acknowledgement frame after sending the command frame.
 On the LAPDm layer, every time a message is sent, the opposite end is requested to
acknowledge the reception. If this message is lost for unknown reasons, it will occur that
both ends keep waiting, leading to system deadlock.
 Therefore, a timer should be started when the sender sends a message. If the timer times
out, the sender will regard that the receiver has not received the message and will resend
the message.

MML: SET BTSRINGATTR

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page92
 N200
 Parameter ID: N200
 Value Range: 1~3
 Unit: none
 Default Value: 3
 Description: the value of this parameter specifies the maximum number of times when a frame
is retransmitted (LAPD protocol)
 Different timer values should be set for different LAPDm channels such as SDCCH,
FACCH and SACCH. This is because these channels have different transmission rate.

MML: SET BTSRINGATTR

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page93
 Use LAPDm N200
 Parameter ID: N200PARASWITCH
 Range: On, Off
 Default Value : Off
 Description: Whether the BSC sends the LAPDm N200 parameter to the
BTS. If this parameter is set to YES, the BSC sends the LAPDm N200
parameter. If this parameter is set to NO, the BSC does not send the
LAPDm N200 parameter.

MML: SET GCELLCCTMR

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page94
 Call Re-establishment Forbidden
 Parameter ID: CALLRESTABDIS
 Value Range: Yes, No
 Default Value: Yes
 Description: Informing MS whether call reestablishment is allowed
or not.

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page95
 Network Identity Parameter — BSIC
 BSIC=NCC+BCC
 In GSM system, each BTS is allocated with a color code, which is called
BSIC. MS can identify two cells with the same BCCH by the help of
BSIC.
 In network planning, make sure that BCCH of neighbor cells are different
from the serving cell’s BCCH to reduce the interference.
 Practically it is still possible that a same BCCH is re-used in the
surrounding cells. For cells using the same BCCH in a relevant near
distance, their BSIC must be different so that MS can identify two
neighbor cells with same BCCH.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page96
 NCC Permitted
 Parameter ID: NCCPERMIT

 Value Range: Selection of 0~7 Perm.

 Default Value: 11111111

 Description: Network Color Code. It lists NCC that need be measured by
MS. If a neighbor cell’s NCC is permitted, MS will report MRs of it to
the network.

MML: SET GCELLIDLEBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page97
 MBR (Multi-Band Report)
 Parameter ID: MBR
 Value Range: 0~3
 Default Value: 0
 Description: Multi-Band Report is used for requesting the MS to report the
measurement information of neighboring cells in multiple frequency
bands. This parameter is carried in the system information 2ter and 5ter.

MML: SET GCELLCCBASIC

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page98
 Application of MBR

GSM1800
A -92dBm B -82dBm

S
H -84dBm
GSM900 C -68dBm E -78dBm

D -90dBm F -88dBm
G -96dBm

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page99
 Max Resend Times of Phy. Info.
 Parameter ID: MAXRESEND
 Range Value :1~255
 Unit: Times
 Default Value :30
 Description: Maximum times for a Physical Information message to be
transmitted. When the retransmission times exceeds this parameter and the
BTS still cannot receive any correct SAMB frame from the MS, the BTS sends
a connection failure message (including the handover failure information) to
the BSC, which releases the assigned channel and stops timer T3105 after
receiving this message.

MML: SET GCELLHOAD

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page100
 T3105
 Parameter ID: T3105
 Range Value : 0~255
 Unit: 10ms
 Default Value : 7
 Description: When BTS sends physical information to the MS, the BTS
starts the timer T3105. If the timer T3105 times out before receive the
SABM frame from MS, BTS re-sends physical information to MS and
restarts the timer T3105.

MML: SET GCELLHOAD

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page101
 Intra-BSC Handover Signaling Flow
MS BTS1 BSC BTS2 MS MSC

Measure Report from MS

Channel_Active

Channel_Active_Ack

HANDOVER COMMAND

Handover Access
Handover_Detect
PHYINFO
PHYINFO
First SABM
UA
Establish_IND

HANDOVER COMPLETE
Handover_Performed

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page102
 PWRC
 Parameter ID: CANPC
 Value range: Yes, No.
 Default Value: Yes
 Description: It is used to indicate MS whether to delete received level value
obtained from the timeslots of BCCH when MS measures receiving level during
base band hopping mode.
 When it is set to “No”, it means the influence of receiving level on BCCH is in
consideration.
 If it is set to “Yes”, process it in the way mentioned above.

MML: SET GCELLCCCH

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page103
 Cell Extension Type
 Parameter ID: EXTTP
 Value Range: Normal cell, DoubleTS Ext cell
 Default Value: Normal cell, but the configuration is according to the
practical situation.
 Description: It indicates whether a cell is an extended cell and the
extended cell mode.

MML: ADD GCELL

MML: MOD GCELL

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page104
 Max TA (Maximum Time Advance)
 Parameter ID: MAXTA
 Value Range:  Default Value
 0~63 (Normal cell)  62 for normal cell
 0~255 (Double TS Ext cell)  219 for dual TS extended cell
 Unit: Bit period (1 bit = 0.55km)
 Description: this parameter determines the actual coverage area of BTS.
When BTS receives the channel request message, it determines whether
channel assignment should take place in the current cell by comparing the TA
with the value of this parameter.

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page105
 Interference Band Threshold 0~5
 Parameter ID: INTERFTHRES 0~5
 Value Range: 110~85
 Unit: -dBm
 Default Values
 110 ( Interference band threshold 0)
 105 ( Interference band threshold 1)
 98 ( Interference band threshold 2 )
 92 ( Interference band threshold 3 )
 87 ( Interference band threshold 4 )
 85 ( Interference band threshold 5)
 Description: It decides the corresponding value for each interference band (from band
1 to band 5) and used to measure the uplink interference during the
SDCCH/TCH(F)/TCH(H) timeslot is in idle mode.

MML: SET GCELLOTHEXT

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page106
 Interference Calculation Period
 Parameter ID: INTERPERIOD
 Value range: 1~31
 Unit: SACCH period (480 ms)
 Default Values: 20
 Description: Before the BTS transmits the radio resource indication message to the
BSC, the interference levels measured on idle channels in the period defined by
this parameter are averaged. The average interference level is used to classify the
interference levels on idle channels into five interference bands. A too big value of
this parameter cannot reflect the change of interference. A too small value of this
parameter wastes the resources.

MML: SET GCELLOTHEXT

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page107
 UL DTX
 Parameter ID: FRULDTX (full rate), HRULDTX (half rate)
 Value Range: May use, Shall use, Shall not use
 Default Value: Shall use
 Description: It is used to indicate whether MS uses DTX function. It shows
the DTX state of the MS in the previous measurement period.

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page108
 DL DTX
 Parameter ID: FRDLDTX (full rate), HRDLDTX (half rate)
 Value range: Yes, No
 Default Value: Yes
 Description: This parameter indicates whether downlink DTX is used in a
cell. The use of downlink DTX is also controlled by the DTX switch in the
MSC. If downlink DTX is forbidden in the MSC, downlink DTX is not used
regardless of the setting of this parameter. If downlink DTX is allowed in
the MSC, the setting of this parameter can determine whether downlink
DTX is used in the cell.

MML: SET GCELLBASICPARA

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page109
Thank you
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