General Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 1
(Week 1)
Real Life Functions
Presented by Group 1
• Jharah Marione Gonzales
• Kristopher Daniel P. Navarro
• Kheljean Mae Barro
• Fiona Eve Estrera
Prepared by: Kristopher Daniel P. Navarro
 Contents
• Lesson 1: Real Life Functions

• Lesson 2: Evaluation of Functions

• Lesson 3.1: Operations of Functions

Addition

• Lesson 3.2: Operations of Functions

Subtraction
• Lesson 3.3: Operations of Functions
Multiplication

• Lesson 3.4: Operations of Functions;

Division

• Lesson 3.5: Operations of Functions;

Composition of Functions

• Lesson 4: Problem Solving involving

Functions
Lesson 1: Real Life Functions
 👏👏👏 TERMS REVIEW 👏👏👏
To understand this module better, let’s start with a
short review on the definition of some terms.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Sets - collection of well-defined and distinct
objects, called elements that share a common
characteristic.
Ex. n = {2,4,6,8}
• Ordered Pair – is a pair of objects taken in a
specific order. An ordered pair is written by
listing two members in a specific order,
separating them by a comma and enclosing the
pair in parentheses.
Ex. (x, y) = (- 1, 4)
• Relation – is a rule that relates values from a set
of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). A relation is also a set of
ordered pairs (x,y).
Ex. X Y
5 25
6 30
7 35

• Domain – domain is the set of all x or input values.

• Range – range is the set of all y or output values

 What makes RELATION a FUNCTION?

• A function is a set of ordered pairs for which every

x-value must be associated to only one y-value.

• All functions are relations, but not all relations are

functions.

• Functions can be determined through SETS

(ROSTER NOTATION), MAPPING AND GRAPHING IN
COORDINATE SYSTEM.
 Mapping - Shows how the elements are paired. It is
like a flow chart for a function, showing the input
and output values. Any of the x-values (domain)
should not have more than one pair to consider
them function.
Ex.
 Sets – functions can appear in sets too. In this
example, we will only discuss roster notation or the
list of elements, separated by commas and enclosed
in curly braces. It is important to note that the
x-values should not occur more than once.
Ex. (x,y)
{(3,4),(5,6),(6,7),(8,9)}

Notice that there are no X values that are repeated.

Hence, it is a function.
Ex.
{(3,3),(4,5),(5,5),(5,4)}

X-value 5 is repeated. Hence, the set is NOT a function.

{(2,3),(4,5),(5,6),(6,7)}

No X- value is repeated. Hence, the set is a

function.
GRAPHING – functions can be determined in
graphing also. We can use a special kind of test
which is called the Vertical Line Test (VLT). The
method is to create imaginary vertical lines across
the graph, if the line hits exactly one point on the
graph, then it is a function.
Ex. Note: The blue line represents the vertical line.
More Ex.

Not Functions
 EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS IN OUR DAILY LIVES
• A soda, snack, or stamp machine
The user puts in money, punches a specific button, and a
specific item drops into the output slot. (The function rule
is the product price. The input is the money combined
with the selected button. The output is the product,
sometimes delivered along with coins in change, if the
user has entered more money than required by the
function rule.)

• Driving a Car: When driving a car, your location (D) is a

function of time (t) or D(t). The distance a car has traveled
(the output) is dependent on how long that car has been
driving (the input).
• Temperature: Based on a variety of inputs, or
factors, (F) we get a certain temperature (t).

• When we measure our weight, normally while

standing on a scale, our body weight will serve as
the input and the output will be a measurement,
typically in kilograms.

• Circumference of a Circle: A circle’s circumference

(C) is a function of its diameter (d)
 SUMMARY
• A relation is a function when every x-value is
associated to only one y-value.
• You can illustrate functions through graphing,
mapping or sets.
• Functions can be seen in our daily lives like
driving a car, length of shadow, temperature,
money and many more.
Lesson 2: Evaluation of
Function
 WHAT IS A FUNCTION?

• A function relates an input to an output. It is like

a machine that has an input and an output where
the input is somehow related to the output.
• How to write a function? “f(x) = …” is the classic
way of writing a function.
• You can also replace the value of the variable and
the value of the function like using g(x) or h(x). An
example of a function is this, f(x) = 2x + 1
 EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
• To evaluate a function is to replace/substitute
its variables with a given number of
expressions.
Ex.
Evaluate the function f(x) = 4x + 5 for x = 3
f(3) = 4(3) + 5
= 12 + 5
= 17
 MORE EXAMPLES
h(x) = x² – 2 for x = -4 g(x) = 1 – x + x² for x = 3
h(-4) = (-4)² – 2 g(3) = 1 – 3 + 3²
= 16 – 2 = -2 + 9
= 14
=7

To evaluate a function is to
replace/substitute its variables
with a given number of
expressions.
 SUMMARY
•The classic way of writing a function is “f(x) = …”

•To evaluate a function is to replace/substitute its variables

with a given number of expressions.
LESSON 3.1: Operations of Functions Addition
 HOW DO WE ADD FUNCTIONS?

• Remember the rules in adding integers.

• The sum of functions can be written as 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
or (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥).
Ex.
𝒇(𝒙) = 4x + 3 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 5 − 6x
 (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = (4x + 3) + (5 − 6x)
 (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 4x + 3 + 5 − 6x
COMBINE LIKE TERMS
 (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = -2x + 8
Therefore the answer for (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) is -2x + 8
 SUMMARY
• The sum of functions can be written as
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) or (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥).
• The addition of integers is important in the
addition of functions.
• Remember to combine like terms when
solving.
 Lesson 3.2:
Operations of Functions
Subtraction
 HOW DO WE SUBTRACT FUNCTIONS?

• Remember the rule in subtracting integers.

• In subtracting integers, change the sign of
subtrahend and proceed to addition.
• The difference of functions can be written as
𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙).
 EXAMPLES
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 4x + 3 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 5 − 6x
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = (4x + 3) – (5 − 6x)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 4x + 3 – 5 − 6x
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = -2x - 2
Therefore, (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) is -2x - 2

2. 𝒇(𝒙) = 3x + 4 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 4 − 5x

(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = (3x + 4) – (4 − 5x)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3x + 4 - 4 − 5x
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = -2x
Therefore, (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) is -2x
 SUMMARY
• In subtracting integers, change the sign of
subtrahend and proceed to addition.
• The difference of functions can be written as
𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙).
• Remember to combine like terms when
solving.
Lesson 3.3: Operations of Functions
Multiplication
 HOW DO WE MULTIPLY FUNCTIONS?

• Remember the rule in multiplying integers.

The product of two like signs integers is always
positive and the product of two unlike signs is
always negative.
• The product of functions can be written as
𝒇(𝒙) ∙ 𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇 ∙ 𝒈)(𝒙).
 EXAMPLE
1. 𝑓(x) = 𝟑𝒙 and 𝒈(x) = 𝟒 − 𝟓x
 SUMMARY
• The product of two like signs integers is always
positive and the product of two unlike signs is
always negative.
• If there are like terms, combine them and
arrange the variables in descending power.
• The multiplication of functions can be written
as 𝒇(𝒙) ∙ 𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇 ∙ 𝒈)(𝒙) or (𝒇𝒈)(𝒙).
Lesson 3.4: Operations of
Functions; Division
 HOW TO DIVIDE FUNCTIONS?

• Remember the rule in dividing integers.

• The quotient of two like signs integers is
always positive and the quotient of two unlike
signs integers is always negative.
• The quotient of functions can be written
𝒇(𝒙) ÷ 𝒈(𝒙) or
 EXAMPLE
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 − 4 𝑔(𝑥) = −2
 SUMMARY
• The quotient of two like signs integers is
always positive and the quotient of two unlike
signs integers is always negative.
• Always check for common factors in the
numerator and denominator when solving
• The quotient of functions can be written
𝒇(𝒙) ÷ 𝒈(𝒙) or
Lesson 3.5: Operations of Functions;
Composition of Functions
 WHAT IS COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS?

• The term "composition of functions" (or

"composite function") refers to the combining
of two or more functions in a manner where
the output from one function becomes the
input for the next function.
• The composition of functions can be written
as (𝒇 𝒐 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒈(𝒙))
 EXAMPLES
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 − 5 𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 12 𝑔(𝑥) = 12 − 𝑥
 SUMMARY
• Combine like terms if there are and simplify
when solving.
• The term "composition of functions"
(or "composite function") refers to the combining
of two or more functions in a manner where the
output from one function becomes the input for
the next function.
• The composition of functions can be written as
(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
Lesson 4: Problem Solving involving Functions
 HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING
FUNCTIONS?

1. Identify the given and what is being asked.

2. Afterwards, translate word phrases to
mathematical phrases
3. Perform the operations.
 Problems Involving Functions
1. The jeepney drivers charge a fare ₱7 upon riding on the vehicle
and charge ₱2 per kilometer of distance travelled. If you are
travelling from your home to your school which is 5 kilometers
away, how much will you pay the jeepney driver?
Given: ₱7 – Initial Fee
₱2 – Additional fee per kilometer of distance travelled
5 kilometers – distance from your home to school
Find: How much will you pay if you a jeepney from your home to
school?
Write the Function Rule of the problem using x as the variable where
x is the distance from your home to school.
Function Rule: 𝑓(𝑥) = 7+2x
𝑓(𝑥) = 7+2(5)
𝑓(𝑥) = 7 + 10
𝑓(𝑥) = 17
 2. A local network charges ₱400 monthly cable connection fee plus
P100 for each hour of pay-per-view (PPV) event regardless of a full
hour or a function of an hour. What is the monthly bill of a customer
who watched 20 hours of PPV events?
Given: ₱ 400- connection fee
₱ 100 - additional fee for each hour of PPV
20 hrs. - number of hours the customer watched PPV
Find: Monthly bill of a customer who watched 20 hours of PPV events
Write the Function Rule of the problem using x as the variable where x is the
number of hours spent watching PPV
Function Rule: 𝑓(𝑥) = 400 + 100𝑥 where, 400 is the initial connection fee 100 is
the additional fee per hour x is the number of hours spent watching PPV
𝑓(𝑥) = 400 + 100𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 20
𝑓(25) = 400 + 100(20)
𝑓(25) = 400 + 2000
𝑓(25) = 2400
Therefore, the monthly bill of a customer who watched 20 hours of PPV events
is ₱ 2400.
 SUMMARY
• You can solve problems by identifying the
given and what is being asked.
• Afterwards, translate word phrases to
mathematical phrases and perform the
operations.
That’s All Thank You!