Lake Placid Volunteer Fire

Department
Training Guide

Basic Exterior Firefighting Operations Course PowerPoint

By Jtwint6
 INTRODUCTION TO BEFO
Basic Exterior operations is the first state class that a volunteer firefighter must take in
New York State. It consists of the very basic and principles of firefighting.

Including: TOAC, RIT Operations, Defensive Strategy, Forcible Entry, Portable ladders
and much more.

Within the Lake Placid Volunteer Fire Department you can choose what level of
certifications you get your first must obtain this if you choose to do anything with the
department on a scene.
SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

● SCBA is a device worn to provide breathable air in an atmosphere that is

immediately dangerous to life or health.
● An SCBA typically has three main components:
a high-pressure tank (e.g., 2,216 to 5,500 psi
(15,280 to 37,920 kPa), about 150 to 374
atmospheres), a pressure regulator, and an
inhalation connection (mouthpiece, mouth mask or
face mask), connected together and mounted to a
carrying frame.
● SCBA must be checked straight away after the
briefing from the shift host. This will be checked by
the officer on your company.
 SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS

The LPVFD Uses Scotts Air Packs in the department.

We use 45 minute bottles.
For Session 1 - 2 we will do SCBA drills in the
academy.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
TYPES OF VENTILATION
Ventilation is the action of allowing WHAT IS VENTILATION?
smoke, hear, and toxins to escape out
of the structure, Doing so helps
interior conditions by making a
visibility better and rises the outcome
for survival for victims as well a
firefighter personal. Permitting
firefighters to more easily find victims
and and attack the fire.

If a large fire is not properly ventilated, not only will it be

much harder to fight, but it could also build up enough poorly
burned smoke to create a smoke explosion or enough heat
to create a flashover.
TYPES OF VENTILATION
In general, there are two main types of ventilation; vertical and horizontal. Their names
refer to the general locations of the intended exit points of the heat and smoke to be
ventilated.

● Vertical Ventilation - takes place through holes cut in the roof, typically by
truck companies during the early stages of a fire in a process known collectively as
roof operations.
● Horizontal ventilation - usually takes place through doors and windows.
● The goal of each is to clear heat and smoke to increase chances of survival for
trapped occupants, and/or so that water lines can be advanced into the structure, to
more effectively battle the flames.
 VENTILATION METHODS
● Mechanical fans can be used to provide positive pressure ventilation.
● openings such as windows, skylights or heat/smoke vents on the roof; or by cutting
new exhaust vents in the building.
● Negative pressure ventilation is another method of ventilation sometimes used in
firefighting efforts. The method of negative
pressure ventilation is a process of using smoke
ejectors to remove the smoke from a building.
● Hydraulic ventilation is another method of
ventilation that is very useful if vertical ventilation
or positive pressure ventilation is either unsafe or
not a feasible strategy. Hydraulic ventilation is
done by setting up a hose line on a fog stream and directing
it out a window.
 ATTACK STRATEGIES
–––––––––––––––––––––––
DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS
WHAT ARE DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS?
The defensive mode is chosen to isolate or stabilize an incident to ensure it does not get
any worse. This may mean sacrificing the building on fire to save others that are not
involved.

A defensive operation should be initiated when fire conditions prevent an interior attack
such as when the structure is unsafe for firefighters to enter and no civilian lives can be
saved and when the fire is beyond the control of hand lines.

During the defensive operation, place large exterior fire streams between the fire and the
exposures to prevent fire extension. When possible deploy master streams and control
perimeter to prevent firefighter entry into collapse area.
DEFENSIVE OPERATION EXAMPLES
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
WHAT ARE OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS?
An offensive mode involves taking direct action to mitigate the problem. This means an
aggressive interior attack will be used because initial crews believe there is a chance that
occupants may be inside the structure and conditions may be such that they could still be
alive.

In addition, ensure that initial risk assessment has confirmed that the structure is not so
involved that collapse is imminent, fire dynamics are understood, truss impingement times
can be estimated with some accuracy, OSHA's two-in-two-out policy is adhered to and
that sufficient resources are present to deal with both fire attack and rescue tactics.

More lives are saved by putting the fire out as swiftly as possible. And the rapid location,
confinement and extinguishment of the fire depend on proper hose selection and
placement.
OFFENSIVE OPERATION EXAMPLES
 RAPID INTERVENTION TEAM (R.I.T)
(When assigned to R.I.T on a call, you must use the GUI to equip the RAT
Bag).

Rapid air transport (RAT) bag which slips over an SCBA

bottle and holds an extra mask to tap into the bottle to
provide a downed firefighter with air.

This is a team of two or more firefighters

dedicated solely to the search and rescue of
other firefighters in distress. Personnel shall
have no other operational assignment during
any incident.
 SECTORS OF A STRUCTURE
A-side: Front of the fire building, usually front door
facing street, but may be facing parking area where
first apparatus arrives; other sides labeled B (left),
C (rear), D (right), as necessary when speaking of
or staffing structure fire sectors.
C
D
B
A
 OVERHAULING OPERATIONS
Late stage in fire-suppression process during which the burned area is carefully
examined for remaining sources of heat that may rekindle the
fire. Often coincides with salvage operations to prevent further
loss to structure or its contents, as well as fire-cause
determination and preservation of evidence.

● Pushing tools (pike poles of varying lengths)

● Prying tools (Halligan tool)
● Striking tools (sledgehammer, flat-head axe, hammer,
mallet)
● Cutting tools (axes, power saws)
● Debris-removal tools (shovels, brooms, rakes, buckets, carryalls)
 R.E.C.E.O.V.E.S
When attending a call, all firefighters
must follow this guide in the order of
what they stand for and how they should
prioritise areas.

R.E.C.E.O.V.E.S stands for rescue,

exposures, containment, extinguish,
overhaul, ventilation, environment,
salvage.