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Inverse Relations and Functions

This document provides examples and explanations of key concepts related to inverse functions including: - Applying the horizontal line test to determine if an inverse function exists - Finding inverse functions algebraically by interchanging x and y and solving for y - Verifying that two functions are inverse functions of each other by showing that their compositions are equal to the identity functions - Finding inverse functions graphically by reflecting the graph of the original function across the line y = x - Providing real-world examples of using inverse functions to solve applied problems in areas like manufacturing costs

Uploaded by

Mohy Sayed
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views

Inverse Relations and Functions

This document provides examples and explanations of key concepts related to inverse functions including: - Applying the horizontal line test to determine if an inverse function exists - Finding inverse functions algebraically by interchanging x and y and solving for y - Verifying that two functions are inverse functions of each other by showing that their compositions are equal to the identity functions - Finding inverse functions graphically by reflecting the graph of the original function across the line y = x - Providing real-world examples of using inverse functions to solve applied problems in areas like manufacturing costs

Uploaded by

Mohy Sayed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Five-Minute Check

Then/Now
New Vocabulary
Key Concept: Horizontal Line Test
Example 1: Apply the Horizontal Line Test
Key Concept: Finding an Inverse Function
Example 2: Find Inverse Functions Algebraically
Key Concept: Compositions of Inverse Functions
Example 3: Verify Inverse Functions
Example 4: Find Inverse Functions Graphically
Example 5: Real-World Example: Use an Inverse
Function
Given f (x) = 3x and g (x) = x 2 – 1, find (f ● g)(x)
and its domain.

A.

B.

C.

D.
Given f (x) = 3x and g (x) = x 2 – 1, find and its
domain.

A.

B.

C.

D.
Given f (x) = 3x and g (x) = x 2 – 1, find [g ○ f](x) and
its domain.

A.

B.

C.

D.
Find two functions f and g such that h (x) = [f ○ g](x).

A.

B.

C.

D.
You found the composition of two functions.
(Lesson 1-6)

• Use the graphs of functions to determine if they


have inverse functions.
• Find inverse functions algebraically and graphically.
• inverse relation
• inverse function
• one-to-one
Apply the Horizontal Line Test

A. Graph the function f (x) = 4x 2 + 4x + 1 using a


graphing calculator, and apply the horizontal line
test to determine whether its inverse function
exists. Write yes or no.
The graph of f (x) = 4x 2 + 4x + 1
shows that it is possible to find a
horizontal line that intersects the
graph of f (x) more than once.
Therefore, you can conclude
that f –1 does not exist.

Answer: no
Apply the Horizontal Line Test

B. Graph the function f (x) = x 5 + x 3 – 1 using a


graphing calculator, and apply the horizontal line
test to determine whether its inverse function
exists. Write yes or no.
The graph of f (x) = x 5 + x 3 – 1
shows that it is not possible to
find a horizontal line that
intersects the graph of f (x)
more than one point.
Therefore, you can conclude
that f –1 exists.
Answer: yes
Graph the function using a graphing
calculator, and apply the horizontal line test to
determine whether its inverse function exists. Write
yes or no.
A. yes C. no

B. yes D. no
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

A. Determine whether f has an inverse function for

. If it does, find the inverse function


and state any restrictions on its domain.
The graph of f passes the horizontal line test. Therefore,

f is a one-one function and has an inverse function.

From the graph, you can see that f has domain

 and range  .

Now find f –1.


Find Inverse Functions Algebraically
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

Original function

Replace f(x) with y.

Interchange x and y.

2xy – x =y Multiply each side by 2y –


1. Then apply the Distributive
Property.
2xy – y =x Isolate the y-terms.
y(2x –1) = x Factor.
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

Divide.
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

From the graph, you can see that f –1 has domain


 and range  . The
domain and range of f is equal to the range and
domain of f –1, respectively. Therefore, it is not
necessary to restrict the domain of f –1.

Answer: f –1 exists;
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

B. Determine whether f has an inverse function for


. If it does, find the inverse function
and state any restrictions on its domain.
The graph of f passes the
horizontal line test. Therefore,
f is a one-one function and
has an inverse function. From
the graph, you can see that f
has domain and
range . Now find f –1.
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

Original function

Replace f(x) with y.

Interchange x and y.

Divide each side by 2.

Square each side.


Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

Add 1 to each side.

Replace y with f –1(x).

From the graph, you can see that f –1 has domain

and range . By restricting the domain of f –1 to ,


the range remains . Only then are the domain and
range of f equal to the range and domain of f –1,

respectively. So, .
Find Inverse Functions Algebraically

Answer: f –1 exists with domain ;


Determine whether f has an inverse function for
. If it does, find the inverse function and
state any restrictions on its domain.
A.

B.

C.

D. f –1(x) does not exist.


Verify Inverse Functions

Show that f [g (x)] = x and g [f (x)] = x.


Verify Inverse Functions

Because f [g (x)] = x and g [f (x)] = x, f (x) and g (x) are


inverse functions. This is supported graphically
because f (x) and g (x) appear to be reflections of each
other in the line y = x.
Verify Inverse Functions

Answer:
Show that f (x) = x 2 – 2, x  0 and
are inverses of each other.
A. B.

C. D.
Find Inverse Functions Graphically

Use the graph of relation A to sketch the graph of


its inverse.
Find Inverse Functions Graphically

Graph the line y = x. Locate a few points on the graph


of f (x). Reflect these points in y = x. Then connect
them with a smooth curve that mirrors the curvature of
f (x) in line y = x.

Answer:
Use the graph of the function to
graph its inverse function.

A. C.

B. D.
Use an Inverse Function

A. MANUFACTURING The fixed costs for


manufacturing one type of stereo system are
$96,000 with variable cost of $80 per unit. The total
cost f (x) of making x stereos is given by
f(x) = 96,000 + 80x. Explain why the inverse
function f –1(x) exists. Then find f –1(x).

The graph of f (x) = 96,000 +


80x passes the horizontal line
test. Therefore, f (x) is a one-to
one function and has an
inverse function.
Use an Inverse Function

f (x)= 96,000 + 80x


Original function
y= 96,000 + 80x
Replace f (x) with y.
x= 96,000 + 80y
Interchange x and y.
x – 96,000= 80y
Subtract 96,000
Divide each sidefrom each
by 80.
side.
Replace y with f –1(x).
Use an Inverse Function

Answer: The graph of f (x) passes the horizontal line


test.
Use an Inverse Function

B. MANUFACTURING The fixed costs for


manufacturing one type of stereo system are
$96,000 with variable cost of $80 per unit. The total
cost f (x) of making x stereos is given by
f (x) = 96,000 + 80x. What do f –1(x) and x represent in
the inverse function?
In the inverse function, x represents the total cost and
f –1 (x) represents the number of stereos.

Answer: In the inverse function, x represents the


total cost and f –1(x) represents the number
of stereos.
Use an Inverse Function

C. MANUFACTURING The fixed costs for


manufacturing one type of stereo system are $96,000
with variable cost of $80 per unit. The total cost f (x)
of making x stereos is given by f (x) = 96,000 + 80x.
What restrictions, if any, should be placed on the
domain of f (x) and f –1(x)? Explain.
The function f (x) assumes that the fixed costs are
nonnegative and that the number of stereos is an
integer. Therefore, the domain of f(x) has to be
nonnegative integers. Because the range of f (x) must
equal the domain of f –1(x), the domain of f –1(x) must be
multiples of 80 greater than 96,000.
Use an Inverse Function

Answer: The domain of f (x) has to be nonnegative


integers. The domain of f –1(x) is multiples
of 80 greater than 96,000.
Use an Inverse Function

D. MANUFACTURING The fixed costs for


manufacturing one type of stereo system are
$96,000 with variable cost of $80 per unit. The total
cost f (x) of making x stereos is given by
f (x) = 96,000 + 80x. Find the number of stereos made
if the total cost was $216,000.

Because ,

the number of stereos made for a total cost of

$216,000 is 1500.
Answer: 1500 stereos
EARNINGS Ernesto earns $12 an hour and a
commission of 5% of his total sales as a
salesperson. His total earnings f (x) for a week in
which he worked 40 hours and had a total sales of
$x is given by f (x) = 480 + 0.05x. Explain why the
inverse function f –1(x) exists. Then find f –1(x).
A.

B.

C.

D.

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