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Lesson 1 - Ethics

Critical thinking involves actively analyzing, applying, synthesizing, and evaluating information from various sources to guide beliefs. It focuses on improving the structure, quality, and use of thinking. When viewed as practical wisdom, critical thinking enables intellectual growth by emphasizing connections between thoughts and responsibility to others. Ethics can be described as principles that govern all aspects of life, including community, politics, personal matters, and work.

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11 views

Lesson 1 - Ethics

Critical thinking involves actively analyzing, applying, synthesizing, and evaluating information from various sources to guide beliefs. It focuses on improving the structure, quality, and use of thinking. When viewed as practical wisdom, critical thinking enables intellectual growth by emphasizing connections between thoughts and responsibility to others. Ethics can be described as principles that govern all aspects of life, including community, politics, personal matters, and work.

Uploaded by

Yasaar Moosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETHICAL

DECISION
MAKING
LESSON 1
WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?

Critical thinking is the process of actively


analysing, applying, synthesis and evaluates
information gathered either through
observation experience, reflection, reasoning
or communication as a guide to a certain
belief

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WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?

- Analysis of thinking: focusing on the structure of


thinking

- Evaluation of thinking: focusing on the quality of


thinking

- Improvement of thinking: focusing on using what you


have learned.

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WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?

When critical thinking is viewed as practical wisdom, it


becomes less about emphasizing mistakes, but it becomes
more about the various connections of their thoughts and
ideas.
Therefore, critical thinking as practical wisdom enables a
certain type of intellectual growth and development which
still highlights that we are responsible to others, in the form
of what we do, say and write.

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ETHICS

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WHAT IS ETHICS?

Socrates states that “the most important


thing is not life, but the good life”.
ETHICS can be described as being
found in all aspects of life, community,
political, personal and work life.

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The overall premise of the utilitarian approach considers the overall happiness and
Utilitarian Approach or welfare of the majority.

It is an ethical action that provides the most good and does the least harm,
therefore, it must produce the greatest good and does the least harm.

- Happiness – including the physical, mental and all forms of well-being.


- Balancing the stakeholder’s interest – who is benefiting and who is being harmed,
the degree of harm and how many stakeholders are involved
- Predication of consequence – one should account for the practically foreseeable
effects.

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The Rights Approach
This approach starts from the perspective that humans have a dignity based on
their human nature, and their ability to act freely and do what they want with their
lives.

- Autonomy – the extent to which people can freely decide for themselves.
- Dignity – the extent to which people place value in themselves.
- Transparency – honest, open and informative conditions of social treatment

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Justice Approach
The Fairness or
Greek philosophers have contributed to the idea that all equals should be treated
equally, this is translated into the notion that all humans should be treated equally.

Justice and fairness also demand impartiality and the avoidance of conflict of
interest

“veil of ignorance” was designed to promote impartial decision making by denying


decision makers access to potentially biasing information which includes age,
gender, race and any physical attributes

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Approach (Deontology)
The Common good
The common good approach looks at community, social institutions and
relationships, and that life in the community is good, therefore our actions should
only contribute to that good life. It puts forward the idea that humas are all in
interlocking relationships within society on the basis of ethical reasoning of respect
and compassion or others.

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Virtue ethics recognises there is an incompleteness of the moral rule within a
society, and the need for individuals with good habitual virtues of moral character
and has practically wisdom and moral judgement will fill that gap

Aristotle - “we are what we repeatedly do”, therefore, as humans be not born good
The Virtue

or bad, rather, we become one or the other by forming virtuous habit and natures,
Approach

like justice, kindness, respect and honesty.

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Linking ideas and information to real
life experiences you are able to draw
connections that learners might not
have otherwise seen which eventually
overtime will improve their critical
thinking abilities and learners will be
able to make connections faster and
easier.

Sewell, 2013
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Ethical Debate

TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2

Mandatory vaccines – during


Do you agree with
the height of covid, how did
corporal punishment you feel about the government
enforcing a mandatory vaccine
being used in
for the protection of the public
schools? health.

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CONCLUSION

ANY QUESTIONS?

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CONCLUSION

PLEASE COMPLETE ACTIVITY 1

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Thank you
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REFERENCES
Markkula Centre (2018). A Framework for Ethical Decision Making. Markkula
Centre for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. https://www. scu.
edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/a-framework-forethical-decision-
making.
Sewell, J. (2013). bell hooks on critical thinking: The successes and limitations of
practical wisdom.
Vallor, S. (2018). An introduction to data ethics. Course module.) Santa Clara, CA:
Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
Vallor, S., Green, B., & Raicu, I. (2018). Ethics in technology practice. The
Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. https://www. scu.
edu/ethics.

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