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Deepika RM Seminar

Reliability refers to the consistency or repeatability of measurement. There are three main types of reliability: internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability. Internal consistency looks at consistency across items on the same test. Test-retest reliability examines consistency over time when the same test is given multiple times. Interrater reliability assesses consistency between ratings from different raters. Factors like question wording, physical setting, mood, and nature of interaction can impact a measure's reliability. Establishing reliability is important for demonstrating that psychological measures are stable and produce consistent results.

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20 views23 pages

Deepika RM Seminar

Reliability refers to the consistency or repeatability of measurement. There are three main types of reliability: internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability. Internal consistency looks at consistency across items on the same test. Test-retest reliability examines consistency over time when the same test is given multiple times. Interrater reliability assesses consistency between ratings from different raters. Factors like question wording, physical setting, mood, and nature of interaction can impact a measure's reliability. Establishing reliability is important for demonstrating that psychological measures are stable and produce consistent results.

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Deepika
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RELIABILITY

Deepika S
I Msc Applied Psychology
Bharathiar University
CONTENT

 Measurement and Statistics


 Reliability – Meaning
 Types of Reliability
1.Internal Consistency
2.Test Retest Reliability
3.Inter rater reliability
 Factors affecting reliability
MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICS
Measurement involves assigning scores
to individuals so that they represent
some characteristic of the individuals.
Psychologists do not simply assume
that their measures work. Instead, they
collect data to demonstrate that they
work. If their research does not
demonstrate that a measure works,
they stop using it..
RELIABILITY
 If a research is consistent and stable ,
hence predictable and accurate , it is said to
be in reliable .
 Therefore , ‘ a scale or test is reliable to the
extent that repeat measurements made by it
under constant conditions will give the
same result ’ ( Moser & Kalton 1989 : 353).
TYPES OF RELIABILITY
Reliability refers to the consistency of a
measure. Psychologists consider three types of
consistency: over time (test-retest reliability),
across items (internal consistency), and across
different researchers (inter rater reliability).

 INTERNAL CONSISTENCY

 TEST RETEST RELIABILITY

 INTERRATER RELIABILITY
1.INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
 Consistency – Across the items

 Scores correlated with each other


It can be measured by using methods like
Cronbach’s Alpha or Split half correction.
Internal consistency can only be assessed by
collecting collecting and analyzing data.

1.Split half correction

One approach is to look at a split-half


correction.This involves even and odd
numbered items . Then a score is computed for
each set of items , and the relationship
between the two sets of scores is examined.
Cronbach’s Alpha : It measures the internal
consistency or reliability of a set of survey
items . Use this statistics to help determine
whether a collection of items consistently
measures the same characteristic. Cronbach’s
alpha quantifies the level of agreement on a
standardized 0 to 1 scale.
2.TEST RETEST RELIABILITY
Cont...
High test –retest correlation make sense when
the construct being measured is assumed to be
consistent over time , which is the case for
intelligence , self-esteem, and the five big
personality dimensions. But other constructs
are not assumed to be stable over time . The
very nature of mood , for example , is that it
changes . So a measure of mood that produced
a low test-retest correlation over a period of
month would not be a cause for concern .
3. INTERRATER RELIABILITY
It is the extent to which different observers are
consistent in their judgement. It is often
assessed using cronbach’s alpha when the
judgements are quantitative or an analogous
statistics called cohen’s kappa when they are
categorical (Qualitative).
FACTORS AFFECTING RELIABILITY
 The wording of questions – A slight
ambiguity in the wording of questions or
statements can affect the reliability of a
research instrument as respondents may
interpret the questions differently at different
times , resulting in different responses.
 The physical setting – In the case of an
instrument being used in an interview , any
change in the physical setting at the time of
the repeat interview may affect the responses
given by a respondent ,which may affect
reliability.
The respondent’s mood – A change in a
respondent’s mood when responding to
questions or writing answers in a
questionnaire can change and may affect the
reliability of that instrument.
The interviewer’s mood - As the mood of a
respondent could change from one interview
to another so could the mood , motivation
and interaction of the interviewer , which
could affect the responses given by
respondents thereby affecting the reliability
of the research instrument.
The nature of interaction – In an
interview situation , the interaction between
the interviewer and interviewee can affect
responses significantly . During the repeat
interview the responses given may be
different due to a change in interaction ,
which could affect reliability.
The regression effect of an instrument -
When a research instrument is used to
measure attitudes towards an issue , some
respondents , after having expressed their
opinion , may feel that they have been
either too negative or too positive towards
the issue . The second time they may
express their opinion differently , thereby
affecting reliability.
REFERENCES
Howitt , D .,& D, Cramer ., (2014) . Introduction
to research methods in Psychology .

Kumar , R . (2014) . Research methodology : A


Step-by-step Guide for Beginners.

Research methods in psychology. (n.d.)


https://saylordatorg.github.io.text_research-
methods-in-psychology/

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