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Cognitive

1. Jean Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development which suggests that children's intelligence undergoes stages of development as they grow. 2. There are four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage is characterized by developing skills and abilities. 3. Piaget's theory focuses on how children acquire knowledge through adapting to their environment via processes like assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration which allow intellectual growth.

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Poonam Rana
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55 views

Cognitive

1. Jean Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development which suggests that children's intelligence undergoes stages of development as they grow. 2. There are four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage is characterized by developing skills and abilities. 3. Piaget's theory focuses on how children acquire knowledge through adapting to their environment via processes like assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration which allow intellectual growth.

Uploaded by

Poonam Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 1

UNIT- 13
PERSONALITY

Prepared by
Poonam Rana
Department of Psychiatric Nursing
MN,10Th Batch
Piaget theory of cognitive development

1/5/2023
NMC, NC 2
General Objective:

• At the end of the class, B.Sc Nursing and BNS 2 nd year students will
be able to explain about Cognitive development Theory of Jean Piaget.

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 3


Specific Objectives:

At the end of the class, B.Sc Nursing and BNS 2 nd year students will be
able to:
• define the terms
• describe about the Component of Jean Piaget’s
• explain about the Stages of Cognitive Development theory of Jean
Piaget’s
• explain the application of theory

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 4


Introduction (1/2)
• Jean Piaget ( August 9, 1896- September 16, 1980) was
Swiss psychologist who developed Cognitive
Development theory suggests that children's
intelligence undergoes changes as they grow.

• He is a natural scientist and developmental


psychologist well known for his work studying children
and his theory of cognitive development.

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 5


Introduction (2/2)

• Piaget studied children from infancy to adolescence, and carried out


many of his own investigations using his three children .

• Cognitive Development is the combined result between the maturity of


the brain and nervous system with the environment adjustments.

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There are three basic components of cognitive development:

1. Schemas
2. Adaptations
i. Assimilation
ii. Accommodation
iii. Equilibrium
3. Stages of Development

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Key concepts
1.Schema : (categories of knowledge ):

• Knowledge that help us to interpret and understand the world.

2. Adaptation : Intellectual growth as a process of adaptation which result


from 3 processes:

i. Assimilation (adding to an existing schema)

Using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.

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ii. Accommodation (Changing on existing schema):

Another part of adaptation involves changing or altering and existing


schemas in light of new information, a process known as accommodation.

iii. Equilibration:

A balance between applying previous knowledge (assimilation) and


changing behavior to account for new knowledge (accommodation).

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Stages of Cognitive Development:

• Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development state that children move


through four different stages of intellectual development which reflect the
increasing difficulty of children’s thought.

• His theory focuses on understanding how children acquire knowledge


regarding fundamental concepts such as object permanence, number,
categorization, quantity, causality and justice.

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Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development include:

1. Sensorimotor: Birth to ages 18-24 months


2. Preoperational: Toddlerhood (18-24 months) through early childhood
(age 7)
3. Concrete Operational: Age 7 to 11 years
4. Formal operational: Adolescence to Adulthood

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 11


1. Sensory Motor Stage (0-2 years)

• During this stage child received the information through all the senses
and motor actions.

• The child tries to make sense of the world during this stage by
coordinating sensory experiences (seeing, hearing) with motor actions
(reaching, touching).

• Object permanence or object constancy develop when they grow older.

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Six sub-stages of first stage given by Piaget:

1. Stages of Reflex activities: (birth to 1 month)

2. Primary circular reactions: (1-4 months)

3. Secondary circular reactions : (4-8 months)

4. Coordination of secondary reactions: (8-12 months):

5. Tertiary circular reactions: (12-18 months)

6. Early representation thought: (18- 24 months):


1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 13
1. Stage of reflex activities: (birth to 1 month)

The child understands the environment purely through


inborn reflexes or Building knowledge through reflexes
(Grasping, Sucking)

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2.Primary circular reactions :(1-4 months)

• Sensation and schema get coordinated.

• Primary - Infants focus on their own bodies

• Circular – Repetition

• Actions are repeated because the infant finds them pleasurable.

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3. Secondary Circular Reaction (4-8 Months)

• The child becomes more focused on the world and begins to intentionally
repeat their action to get a response form the environment.

"Out of sight, out of mind".

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4. Coordination of secondary Reaction (8-12 Months)

• After repeatedly observing that certain actions lead to


certain consequences, infants gradually acquire
knowledge of cause-effect relationships.

• Example a child might realize that a rattle will make a


sound when shaken.

• During this substage, the child starts to show clearly


intentional actions.

• At this stage, Object permanence is acquired.


1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 17
5. Tertiary Circular Reaction (12-18
Months)

• This is a stage of Trial and Error.

• Explore their surroundings, make


mistakes and repeat their mistake to seek
attention form their caregivers.

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 18


6. Early Representational Thought(18-24 Months)

• Children begin to develop symbols to represent events or objects in


the world in the final sensorimotor substage.

• During this time, children begin to move towards understanding


the world through mental operations rather than purely through
actions.

• Repetitions of others behavior after it has occurred. (imitation)

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2. Pre Operational Stage (2-7 years)
• During this stage, young children can think
about things symbolically.
• They begin to use language, memory and
imagination.
• there are two sub-stages of this stage

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 20


1. Pre-conceptual stage (2-4 years)

i. Egocentrism: Children believe that their way of thinking is the only


way to think.

ii. Animism: Children tend to refer to inanimate objects as if they have


life-like qualities and are capable of actions.

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2. Intuitive stage (4-7 years)
• Difficulty in conservation .
• Cannot do reversible thinking.

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3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Can do operation on concrete objects but find it hard to solve abstract


problems.
• During this stage children begin to thinking logically about concrete
event.
• Begin to understand the concept of conservation.
• Understanding of reversibility

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 23


3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Elimination of ego-centrism and begin to think about how other


people might think and feel.

• During this stage, the child begin to develop transitivity, seriation


classification and decentric.

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 24


Seriation
Transitivity

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4. Formal Operational Stage (12 years-Adulthood)

• The final stage of Piaget's theory involves an increase in logic, during this
time, thinking moves from concrete to abstract.

• The ability to think about the hypothetical possibilities and to solve


problems through logical deductions and in a systematic manner.

• Begins to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to


specific information as well as inductive logic.
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Applications of Piaget's theory (1/3)

• Teach parent about process of child's cognitive development and the


implications for education purchasing of toys and interactions.

• Assess cognitive development to determine language and abstraction


level to use in therapy.

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Applications of Piaget's theory (2/3)

• This theory provides broad development perspective to the


teachers and curriculum designer to make a better curriculum
for the children.

• Emphasis on discovery approach in learning because child


learn faster by doing things, rather than hearing about them.

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Applications of Piaget's theory (3/3)

• Use collaborative, as well as individual activities because Kids learn


as much from each other as from parents or teachers.

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• Summarization

1/5/2023 Piaget theory of cognitive development 30


12/25/2022 Emotion 31

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