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Chapter-1-P1.10 - Turning Forces

1. Moments describe the turning effect of a force, with a larger moment producing a greater turning force. The moment of a force is calculated as force × perpendicular distance from the pivot point. 2. The principle of moments states that for an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments. 3. An object's center of gravity can be found by allowing it to swing freely from a pin or suspension point. Wherever lines drawn using a plumb line cross is the center of gravity. The lower and more centered an object's center of gravity, the more stable it will be.

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47 views

Chapter-1-P1.10 - Turning Forces

1. Moments describe the turning effect of a force, with a larger moment producing a greater turning force. The moment of a force is calculated as force × perpendicular distance from the pivot point. 2. The principle of moments states that for an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments. 3. An object's center of gravity can be found by allowing it to swing freely from a pin or suspension point. Wherever lines drawn using a plumb line cross is the center of gravity. The lower and more centered an object's center of gravity, the more stable it will be.

Uploaded by

Micheal Xavier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P1 (Chapter 1)– Motion

P1.10 Turning Forces


LEARNING
OBJECTIVES

1.5.2 Turning effect 1.5.3 Centre of Gravity

Describe the moment of a force as a Understand what is meant by centre


measure of its turning effect and of gravity and know its position for
give everyday examples regularly shaped objects (limited to
rectangular blocks, spheres and
Define the moment of a force as cylinders)
moment = force × perpendicular
distance from the pivot; recall and Describe an experiment to determine
use this equation the position of the centre of gravity
of an irregularly shaped plane lamina
State that, when there is no
resultant moment, an object is in Describe, qualitatively, the effect of
equilibrium the position of the centre of gravity
on the stability of simple objects
Apply the principle of moments to
situations with one force each side
of the pivot, including balancing of a
beam
Forces and moments
The longer
the spanner,
the greater
the turning
effect (force)

Spanners are
used for The turning
tightening and effect of a force
loosening nuts. is called a
They help to moment.
produce a
larger turning
effect.
Forces and moments

Moment of = force x perpendicular


a force about distance from
Don’t a point the point
forget
that the
unit of
Force ie
the
Newton Moments may be described as clockwise or
(N) anticlockwise, and the moment of a force is
also called a torque.
Forces and moments

To increase the force


applied to undoing a
wheel nut, extend the
length of the spanner –
you can do this by
inserting a length of
pipe over the end.
3N

Let’s look at a
few examples X
of calculations
involving 5m
moments.
Moment about X = 3 x 5 = 15Nm
(anticlockwise)

4m

5N
Principle of moments

Moment about X = 5 x 4 = 20Nm


(clockwise)
The Principle of Moments

This beam is in a state of balance.


In order to be balanced, the clockwise forces must
be equal to the anticlockwise forces.
We say that the beam is in a state of equilibrium.

The Principle of Moments states that:


“If an object is in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments
about any point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments
about that point.”
The Principle of Moments Let’s look
at some
worked
examples
1m
2m

20N 10N

Anticlockwise moment Clockwise moment


= 20 x 1 = 20Nm = 10 x 2 = 20Nm
The Principle of Moments Let’s look
at some
worked
examples
1m
2m
0.5m

20N 20N 5N

Anticlockwise moment Combined clockwise moment


= 20 x 1 = 20Nm = (5 x 2) + (20 x 0.5) = 20Nm
Stability and centre of gravity

Upward
force on
ruler Suspension
point (G)

Lots of tiny particles exerting


gravitational forces on either
side of point G

When the gravitational forces The forces now act together at


on either side of G are equal, G (a resultant force) = the
the ruler is balanced. weight.
G is the centre of mass, or
centre of gravity.
So how do you find the
centre of mass (centre of
gravity) for an irregularly
shaped object?
So how do you find the
centre of mass (centre of
gravity) for an irregularly
shaped object?

Allow the card to


swing freely from
the pin. Repeat using a plumb
line, and wherever
the lines cross, this
The card turns is the centre of
until the centre mass.
of mass is
vertically under
the pin.
Centre of Mass and Stability

Centre of mass

Weight acting downwards

Upward force from ground

The box here is in equilibrium. Forces are


balanced, as are the turning effects.
Centre of Mass and Stability

If a small force is applied, the tilt is small and


the upward and downward forces will act to
return the box to its original position.
Centre of Mass and Stability

With a larger force applied there is more tilt,


the box goes beyond the centre of gravity, so
will fall over.
Centre of Mass and Stability

If the box has a wider base and a lower


centre of gravity then it will be harder to tip
over.
Centre of Mass and Stability
End of topic

P1.10 Turning Forces

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