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Hypothesis and Variables

This document discusses hypotheses and variables in experimental research. It defines a hypothesis as an educated guess or tentative answer to a research question, based on facts, experiences and observations. There are different types of hypotheses, including null hypotheses, alternative hypotheses, and cause and effect hypotheses. Experiments involve experimental and control groups, and it is important to control for extraneous variables. Variables can be measured at the nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio levels.

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Kylie Adrianna Bernabe Sarmiento
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10 views

Hypothesis and Variables

This document discusses hypotheses and variables in experimental research. It defines a hypothesis as an educated guess or tentative answer to a research question, based on facts, experiences and observations. There are different types of hypotheses, including null hypotheses, alternative hypotheses, and cause and effect hypotheses. Experiments involve experimental and control groups, and it is important to control for extraneous variables. Variables can be measured at the nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio levels.

Uploaded by

Kylie Adrianna Bernabe Sarmiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYPOTHESIS

AND
VARIABLE
HYPOTHESIS
• An educated guess.
• A tentative answer to a research
question.
BASIS OF HYPOTHESIS
•Factual knowledge
•Experiences
•observations
FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS
• Gather information and objectives of the study must be
the main basis.
• Since there are many possible solutions to a problem
more than one hypothesis from a single information can
be formed.
• Check if the hypothesis you formulated is testable
• Make observations and do experiments that will support
your hypothesis.
KINDS OF HYPOTHESIS
• Null Hypothesis- indicates the value of population parameter to be
tested. “ No Difference”.( it’s sole purpose of being rejected)
• Alternative Hypothesis – operational statement of the
experimenters’ research hypothesis or the prediction derived from
the theory being tested.
• Cause and Effect Hypothesis- reflects the connection of the
variables of the main subject in the study.
TWO KINDS OF GROUP IN AN
EXPERIMENT
• Experimental group – a group of
subjects that is exposed to a certain
treatment.
• Control Group – group exposed to the
absence of treatment.
TIPS WHEN DOING AN EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
• Consider the extraneous variables- a variables which may
affect the behavior or characteristics of the experimental
subjects that we are investigating even though we are not
concerned in the present study.
• Control the Extraneous variables to exclude the effecton
subjects’ behavior or characteristics.
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT OF
VARIABLE
• Nominal Scale –lowest level of measurement
- simply defines groups of the
subjects.
- when the values of variables differ
by category.
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT OF
VARIABLE
• Ordinal Scale - variable in this scale are not given different
names but they are also arranged to the amount or quantity
of the attribute or characteristics of the subjects.
- level of intensity are ranked from lowest to
highest( e.g. low, medium and high)
- difference between two consecutive levels is
not known
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT OF
VARIABLE
• Interval Scale- equal difference between the
values of the measurements obtained for the
subjects would mean equal differences in the
amount of property or attributes the subject
processes.
- Spacing between the values along
the scale of measurement is known.
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT OF
VARIABLE
• Ratio Scale – a scale similar to that of the interval in
terms of the known spacing between values along
the scale.
- the difference is the zero point in this
scale , indicated the absence of quantity being
measured.

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