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Biochemistry Final Project

1) The document discusses liver function tests, which measure enzymes and proteins in the blood to evaluate how well the liver is working. 2) Normal ranges are provided for various tests, including ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, bilirubin, and GGT. Elevated levels may indicate liver damage from issues like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or toxicity. 3) The liver has important roles in blood filtration, carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, producing proteins and bile, processing bilirubin, and storing vitamins. Abnormal test results can help doctors diagnose and monitor liver diseases or issues.

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6 views

Biochemistry Final Project

1) The document discusses liver function tests, which measure enzymes and proteins in the blood to evaluate how well the liver is working. 2) Normal ranges are provided for various tests, including ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, bilirubin, and GGT. Elevated levels may indicate liver damage from issues like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or toxicity. 3) The liver has important roles in blood filtration, carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, producing proteins and bile, processing bilirubin, and storing vitamins. Abnormal test results can help doctors diagnose and monitor liver diseases or issues.

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION - MED1009 BIOCHEMISTRY

GROUP 2: LIVER FUNCTION TEST


Hatice ISIK - Berkay OZYUREK - Ikbal ORHAN - Ismail ATEF
Objectives

1. Anatomical Position of the Liver


2. Physiological Process of the liver
2. What we can see in the test paper and the normal ranges
3. Risk factors of changes that happend in our test parameters
4. Interview with MEDICANA Lab Staff and enjoyable explination
Anatomical Position
of the Liver

The liver is the largest secretory organ in


the body and it is located in the upper
part of the abdominal cavity.
It has a large vascular network and is
divided into two main lobes:
The left right lobe is larger than. It is
composed of hepatic cells.
The hepatic portal vein and artery enter
the liver, and the hepatic vein exits the
bile duct.
Blood circulation, expulsion, carbohydrate
metabolism, protein metabolism, efficiency in
fat
metabolism, as well as hematological and other
functions, are all examples of liver functions.
• 1.Functions related to blood circulation;
passage of blood from portal circulation to
systemic circulation, blood storage, toxic
substance purification, It is related to the
formation of the immune system mechanism
with the reticuloendothelial system.
• 2. Expulsion-related functions include bile
formation and excretion of products such as
bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin derivatives,
and the passage of some substances into
bile, such as alkaline phosphatase and heavy
metals.
• 3. Its efficiency in carbohydrate
metabolism; glycogen production
and storage, galactose and
fructose to glucose conversion,
amino acid to glucose conversion
(gluconeogenesis), glycogen
formation from glycogen
(glycogenolysis), blood glucose
level regulation, and
carbohydrate metabolism Its
metabolism is linked to the
production of numerous
important chemical compounds
• 4. In protein metabolism, it provides
the necessary lipotropic factor for its
conversion to fats into lipoproteins,
the production of plasma proteins,
the production of urea (NHz-urea),
and the conversion of many amino
acids to each other or to other
elements (transamination, amination,
synthesis of nonessential amino acids
and molecules such as purine and
pyrimidine).
• 5. It plays an important role in fat
metabolism by transporting fats
to a portable shape (making
lipoproteins), converting fatty
acids to acetyl COA by oxidizing
fatty acids to acetoacetic acid,
providing energy in the krebs
ring, making cholesterol and
phospholipids, producing bile
salts, and it also plays a role in
carbohydrate conversion.
• 6. Hematological functions;
embryonic and adult blood
formation, fibrinogen,
prothrombin, globulin, and
heparin formation, erythrocyte
destruction, iron storage as
ferritin.
• 7. Aside from these, it stores
vitamins (A, D, B12 and other B
group vitamins, vitamin K) and
allows carotenes to be converted
into vitamin A. It protects
(detoxifies) the blood by removing
foreign substances (such as various
drugs), as well as ensuring the
removal of ammonia absorbed
from the intestine via the vena cava
and the excretion of steroid
hormones
• We have an important Blood test called liver function tests or "Liver Enzymes" that are
used to monitor and assist identify liver damage or illness.

• The tests check the amounts of specific proteins and enzymes in your blood. And some of
these tests assess how effectively the liver is doing its typical tasks as we know before,
which include making protein and getting rid of the blood waste product bilirubin. Other
liver health tests examine the enzymes the liver cells produce in response to injury or
illness.

• Results of abnormal liver function tests do not always signify liver disease as we'll know in
the next part of our presentationAnd we can use it to do screening for liver infections like
hepatitis; monitor the development of disease; check for potential drug adverse effects
• And we can use it to do screening for liver infections like hepatitis; monitor the development of disease; check for
potential drug adverse effects .

• Here, we'll support your understanding of this study's interpretation by letting you know its parameters, average
ranges, and relevant indicators
• Alanine transaminase (ALT). An enzyme called
ALT and SGOT is present in the liver and aid in
converting proteins into energy for the liver
cells.

• Aspartate transaminase (AST). An enzyme


called AST and SGET aids in the metabolism of
amino acids. Similar to ALT, AST is often seen in
blood at low concentrations.
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Is a protein-degrading enzyme that is present in the liver and
bones.

• Albumin and Total protein. One of the proteins produced by the liver is albumin. These
proteins are required by your body to combat infections and carry out other tasks.

• Bilirubin. A chemical called bilirubin is created when red blood cells naturally degrade.
The liver processes bilirubin, which is then eliminated in feces.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Its enzyme comes from the liver and it is secreted in
the bloodstream.

• L-lactate dehydrogenase (LD). It's also an enzyme with the same pass.

Prothrombin time (PT). It's the time it takes for your blood to clot. Increased PT may be a
sign of liver damage, but it can also occur when you use certain blood-thinning drugs, such
as warfarin
• Results: Normal blood test results for typical liver function tests include:
• ALT(SGOT): 7 to 55 U/L
• AST (SGET): 8 to 48 U/L
• ALP: 40 to 129 U/L
• Albumin: 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL
• Total protein: 6.3 to 7.9 g/dL
• Bilirubin: 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL
• GGT: 8 to 61 U/L
• LD: 122 to 222 U/L
• PT: 9.4 to 12.5 sec
• For mature men, these findings are normal. Normal outcomes range from lab to test and may be somewhat
different for females and children.
• If one more liver function test
results are not normal, it can
cause liver damages. For example
when the liver damaged , ALT
amount in bloodstream may
increase. High level of ALT may
show some disease like
cirhosis,jaundice etc. If ALT
amount is under the the normal
mount that means there is no
medical problem. It’s estimated
that about 10 percent of people in
the United States have elevated
ALT levels
• AST present in blood at low levels. AST levels
increase it may prognosticate liver or muscle
damage. We can understand liver is exposed
some toxic effects. High level of AST may show
us acut hepatit infections etc. If AST level is
low it may cause the kidney deseases, lack of
B6 vitamins . ALP can seem in high level while
pregnancy, bone disorders, liver problems etc.
Level of ALP can change in time. If the level of
ALP is low that means there is no problem.
People can support their body with healthy
nutritions, B6 and C vitamins, Cirrhosisis a
desease that occur in the liver.
• It happens in the long term but people can not release or see the symptoms in the beginning. Commonly using alcohol,
hepatitis, raised levels of liver enzymes can cause the cirrhosis. There is no cure for cirrhosis maybe we can prevent to
getting worst or liver transplanation can help the treatment. Jaundice is a one of the skin deseases which the skin become
white to yellow. Jaundice can cause a brain damage in newborns called kernicterus (hyperbilirubinemia )
1-What are liver function tests?

1. sub, subordinate, ggt, bilirubin


direct and total tests are studied.
2-What is checked in liver function tests?

2. The function and function of the liver is checked.


3-How is the liver function test done?

3. With the blood sample taken from the vein, the test is performed with biochemistry
analyzer devices.
4-Which doctor should I go to?

4. Internal medicine or internal medicine


5-What is done after the tests for
treatment?

5. If there is an abnormal result


after the tests, the doctor can
perform a nutritional and drug-
assisted treatment throughout the
treatment.
References
• https://www.medicana.com.tr/saglik-rehberi-detay/12026/karaciger-hastaliklari
• https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-function-tests
• https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/liver-blood-tests
• https://columbiasurgery.org/liver/liver-and-its-functions
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535438/
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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