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Forces Revised Part 1 1

The document discusses Newton's laws of motion. It defines key concepts like force, mass, weight, and normal force. It explains that dynamics studies how forces affect motion. The three laws are: 1) an object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a net external force, 2) acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, and 3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. It provides examples of applying the laws to solve physics problems.

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Paradox Hans Agravante
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51 views

Forces Revised Part 1 1

The document discusses Newton's laws of motion. It defines key concepts like force, mass, weight, and normal force. It explains that dynamics studies how forces affect motion. The three laws are: 1) an object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a net external force, 2) acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, and 3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. It provides examples of applying the laws to solve physics problems.

Uploaded by

Paradox Hans Agravante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

FORCE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the section, you will be able to:

• Distinguish between kinematics and dynamics


• Understand the definition of force
• Identify simple free-body diagrams
• Define the SI unit of force, the newton
• Describe force as a vector
FORCE

The study of motion is called kinematics, but kinematics only


describes the way objects move—their velocity and their
acceleration.
Dynamics is the study of how forces affect the motion of objects
and systems.
The foundation of dynamics are the laws of motion stated by
Isaac Newton (1642–1727).
FORCE
 A force is either a pull or push exerted by another body
 Forces can be distinguished as either a contact force or non -
contact force
 The pull of the Earth on a body is called a gravitational force.
The gravitational force on the body is also called the weight
of the body and it acts downwards. Weight is a non - contact
force.
 Mass and weight are interchangeable in the everyday use of
the words , but they are different in physics.
 Mass is a scalar while weight is a vector. Also, mass is not
dependent on where the body is.
FORCE
 When a body is suspended from a string, the force in the
string that supports the weight of the body is known as
tension. Tension is a contact force.
 When a body rests or slides across a surface, the force
perpendicular to the surface that supports the weight of the
body is known as the normal force.
 When a body slides across a rough surface , the force that
opposes the motion is called friction.
FREE – BODY DIAGRAM

• Draw only forces acting on


the object
• Represent the forces with
vector arrows
WEIGHT VS MASS

• Weight • Mass
• Measure of force of gravity • Not a force
• Measure of inertia or
• Objects near earth accelerate amount of matter
downward at 9.80 m/s2 • Unit: kg
• Constant
• Unit: N
• Depends on local gravity
NORMAL FORCE

• Normal Force
• Perpendicular component of the contact force between two
objects
FN
WEIGHT VS NORMAL FORCE

• Weight pushes down


• So the table pushes up
• Called Normal force
• Newton’s 3rd Law

• Normal force doesn’t always =


weight
• Draw a freebody diagram to find
equation
NEWTON’S 1ST LAW OF MOTION

Law of Inertia
• A body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at a
constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.
• Inertia
• Property of objects to remain in constant motion or rest.
• Mass is a measure of inertia
• Example:
• A collision can stop a car
NEWTON’S 2ND LAW OF MOTION

Law of Acceleration
• Acceleration of a system is directly proportional to and in the same
direction as the net force acting on the system, and inversely
proportional to its mass.

• Net force is the vector sum of all the forces.


NEWTON’S 2ND LAW OF MOTION

• Example:
You wish to push a cart across a frictionless surface, so you apply a 20 N force for a period of 3.0 seconds. As
a result, the cart goes from rest to a velocity of 2.3 m/s. What is the mass of the cart?
Solution: Given : F = 20 N , t = 3.0 s , v = 2.3 m/s
Required: m = ?
Equation / Substitution::

a = vav /t = (2.3 m/s) / (3.0 s) = 0.77 m/s2

F = ma

20 N = m (0.77 m/s2)

Ans: m = 26 kg
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW OF MOTION

Law of Interaction
• Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body
experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the force that it exerts.
• Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force.
• Example:
You push down on your chair, so the chair pushed back up on you.
PROBLEM SOLVING

• A lady is weighing some bananas in a grocery store when the floor


collapses. If the bananas mass is 2 kg and the floor is accelerating
at -2.25 m/s2, what is the apparent weight (normal force) of the
bananas?
• Draw free body diagram and solve
• G: m= 2 kg , = -2.25 m/s2 ,
• R:
SOLUTION
PROBLEM SOLVING

• A football player named Al is blocking a player on the other team


named Bob. Al applies a 1500 N force on Bob. If Bob's mass is 100
kg, what is his acceleration?
• What is the size of the force on Al?
• If Al's mass is 75 kg, what is his
acceleration?
• G: F= 1500 N, m2= 100 kg
• R:
• E:
• S:
• A:
SOLUTION
• 1500 N (Newton’s 3rd Law)
• E:

• A:
PROBLEM SOLVING

• A 0.046 kg golf ball hit by a driver can accelerate from rest to 67


m/s in 1 ms while the driver is in contact with the ball. How much
average force does the golf ball experience?
• Solution:
• G: m = 0.046 kg
• R: F=?
SOLUTION

• E: +
• S:

• A:

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