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Non Probability Sampling

This document discusses different types of non-probability sampling techniques used in research. It describes convenience sampling, quota sampling, self-selection sampling, snowball sampling, and purposive sampling. For each technique, it provides a definition and example to illustrate how that technique would be applied in a research study.

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Kenneth Cortez
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27 views

Non Probability Sampling

This document discusses different types of non-probability sampling techniques used in research. It describes convenience sampling, quota sampling, self-selection sampling, snowball sampling, and purposive sampling. For each technique, it provides a definition and example to illustrate how that technique would be applied in a research study.

Uploaded by

Kenneth Cortez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NON PROBABILITY

SAMPLING
NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

• Non-probability sampling-is a sampling method that uses non-random


criteria like the availability, geographical proximity, or expert
knowledge pf the individuals you want to research in order to answer a
research question
• Non probability sampling is used when the population parameter are
either unknown or not possible to individually identify. For example
visitors to website that doesn’t require users to create an account could
form part of non probability sample
TYPES OF NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

1. Convenience sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Self selection (volunteer ) sampling
4. Snow ball sampling
5. Purposive (judgement) sampling
TYPES OF NON PROBABILITY
• Convenience samples are sometimes called “accidental samples,”
because participants can be selected for the sample simply because they
happen to be nearby when the researcher is conducting the
data collection.
Example
• You are investigating the association between daily weather and daily
shopping patterns. To collect insight into people’s shopping patterns,
you decide to stand outside a major shopping mall in your area for a
week, stopping people as they exit and asking them if they are willing to
answer a few questions about their purchases.
TYPE OF NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

• 2. In quota sampling, you select a predetermined number or proportion of units,


called a quota. Your quota should comprise subgroups with specific characteristics
(e.g., individuals, cases, or organizations) and should be selected in a non-random
manner.
• Your subgroups, called strata, should be mutually exclusive. Your estimation can be
based on previous studies or on other existing data, if there are any. This helps you
determine how many units should be chosen from each subgroup. In the
data collection phase, you continue to recruit units until you reach your quota.
2 TYPES OF QUOTA
1.Proportional quota sampling is used when the size of the population is known.
This allows you to determine the quota of individuals that you need to include in
your sample in order to be representative of your population.
• Example: Proportional quota samplingLet’s say that in a certain company there
are 1,000 employees. They are split into 2 groups: 600 people who drive to work,
and 400 who take the train.
• You decide to draw a sample of 100 employees. You would need to survey 60
drivers and 40 train-riders for your sample to reflect the proportion seen in the
company
TYPES OF QUOTA SAMPLING
2.Non-proportional quota sampling is used when the size of the population is
unknown. Here, it’s up to you to determine the quota of individuals that you are
going to include in your sample in advance.
• Example: Non-proportional quota samplingLet’s say you are seeking opinions about
the design choices on a website, but do not know how many people use it. You may
decide to draw a sample of 100 people, including a quota of 50 people under 40 and
a quota of 50 people over 40. This way, you get the perspective of both age groups.
TYPES OF NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

• Self-selection sampling (also called volunteer sampling) relies on


participants who voluntarily agree to be part of your research. This is
common for samples that need people who meet specific criteria, as is
often the case for medical or psychological research.
• In self-selection sampling, volunteers are usually invited to participate
through advertisements asking those who meet the requirements to sign
up. Volunteers are recruited until a predetermined sample size is
reached.
• Example: Self-selection sampling
• Suppose that you want to set up an experiment to see if mindfulness
exercises can increase the performance of long-distance runners. First,
you need to recruit your participants. You can do so by placing posters
near locations where people go running, such as parks or stadiums
TYPE OF NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• Snowball sampling is used when the population you want to research is
hard to reach, or there is no existing database or other sampling frame to
help you find them. Research about socially marginalized groups such
as drug addicts, homeless people, or sex workers often uses snowball
sampling.
• To conduct a snowball sample, you start by finding one person who is
willing to participate in your research. You then ask them to introduce
you to others.
• Example: Snowball sampling
• You are studying homeless people living in your city. You start by
attending a housing advocacy meeting, striking up a conversation with a
homeless woman. You explain the purpose of your research and she
agrees to participate. She invites you to a parking lot serving as
temporary housing and offers to introduce you around.
• In this way, the process of snowball sampling begins. You started by
attending the meeting, where you met someone who could then put you
in touch with others in the group.
TYPE OF NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

• Purposive sampling is a blanket term for several sampling techniques


that choose participants deliberately due to qualities they possess. It is
also called judgmental sampling, because it relies on the judgment of
the researcher to select the units (e.g., people, cases, or organizations
studied).
• Purposive sampling is common in qualitative and
mixed methods research designs, especially when considering specific
issues with unique cases.
• Example of purposive sampling
• Using a student feedback survey to collect the student inputs about the
education system, their choice of subject,the content, and literally
anything else.

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