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Chapter 5 Gender Equality

This chapter discusses gender equality and analyzes the causes of gender inequality. It defines key terms like gender stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. It explores how stereotyping, gender roles, prejudice, discrimination, racism, and sexism can lead to unequal treatment and opportunities for women. Specific examples are given about the gender pay gap in tennis in 1970 and how the Philippines ranks highly on closing the gender gap index but still struggles with political representation of women. Causes of the gender gap are identified as stereotyping, gender roles, prejudice, and discrimination.

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187 views

Chapter 5 Gender Equality

This chapter discusses gender equality and analyzes the causes of gender inequality. It defines key terms like gender stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. It explores how stereotyping, gender roles, prejudice, discrimination, racism, and sexism can lead to unequal treatment and opportunities for women. Specific examples are given about the gender pay gap in tennis in 1970 and how the Philippines ranks highly on closing the gender gap index but still struggles with political representation of women. Causes of the gender gap are identified as stereotyping, gender roles, prejudice, and discrimination.

Uploaded by

divinagraciarene52
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 5

GENDER EQUALITY
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to:

 Analyze gender stereotypes and gender inequalities as


experienced on the four levels of socialization at home, in
school, in peer group, and in mass media
 Define and provide examples of stereotypes, prejudices
and discrimination; and
 Be attentive to gender maltreatment.
Billie Jean King Ilie Nastase
1970 Tennis Champion 1970 Tennis Champion
$600 $3500
Gender Gap
Defined by the World Economic Forum
(WEF), is the difference between women
and men as reflected in social, political,
intellectual, cultural, or economic
attainments inequality between the sexes.
Causes of Gender Gap
What causes gender gap? Sociologists believe that here are
some of the reasons:

 Stereotyping
 Gender Stereotypes
 Concept of Gender roles
 Gender prejudice
 Discrimination
 Racism
 Sexism
Stereotyping
-is one reason for gender inequality. Stereotyping is
categorizing individuals, often unconsciously, into particular
groups or types, in part. It is the process of ascribing to an
individual general attributes, characteristics, or roles by
reason only of his or her apparent membership in a particular
group. In the Philippines, for example, when we speak of
Ilocanos, immediately we think of them as thrifty and
industrious.
Gender Stereotypes
-are concerned with the social and cultural construction or
understanding of men and women, due to their different
physical, biological, sexual and social functions. The term
gender stereotype is an overarching term that includes
stereotypes of women and subgroups of men. Its meaning
reflects different social and cultural construction of men and
women. A good example is in politics, people usually elect men
in government offices believing leadership trait in inherent
among men.
The concept of Gender Roles
-also results to gender inequality. Gender roles
determine how men and women should think, speak,
dress, and interact within the context of society. These
gender schemas are deeply embedded cognitive
frameworks regarding what defines masculine from
feminine.
Gender Prejudice
-likewise causes preferential treatment in work places. The
notion on men’s superiority over women often taints women’s
success in most offices. In staff recruitment alone, a study
reveals that male candidates always stand and better of
chance of getting hired than their female counterparts.
Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward and
individual based solely on one’s membership.
Discrimination
-is another negative action toward an individual as a result of
one’s membership in a particular group. In schools, in offices
and in almost every place, discrimination is often the reason
for bullying. a newcomer/stranger, a child out of wedlock, a
student from a marginalized family, a member of LGBT, and
a person of different skin color are usually heckled and
ridiculed.
Racism
-refers to prejudice and discrimination against an individual
based on solely on one’s membership in a specific racial
group. The rising hate crimes against people of Asian descent
are examples of racism, blaming on Asians the outbreak of the
pandemic.
Sexism
-likewise is prejudice and discrimination toward individuals
based on sex. Typically, sexism takes the form of men having
biases against women, but either sex can show sexism toward
their own or their opposite sex. In some countries in the
Middle East, women are not allowed to drive a car, worse,
some women are not even allowed to leave their houses
without permission even at the age of 40.
The Global Gender Gap 2016-17
The Philippines ranked 16th among the 153
countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2020
and has remained the top Asian country in terms
of closing the gender gap, according to the annual
survey conducted by the World Economic Forum
(WEF).
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 measures countries on
their progress towards gender parity in four dimensions:
1. economic participation and opportunity,
2. educational attainment,
3. health and survival, and
4. political empowerment.
The Philippines remained strong in three of these four dimensions.
The country was in 14th place in the economic participation
and opportunity gender with 79% score. Moreover, it has
closed the gender gap in education attainment, and health
survival. Among the findings are the following.
1. Female life expectancy is five years longer than male, while the literacy rate is
above 98% for both sexes.
2. A larger percentage of women and girls are enrolled in tertiary and secondary
education.
3. Political empowerment gap has widened considerably in the past two years,
from 41;6% in 2019 to 35.3% in 2020.
4. Female representation in Congress fell slightly at 28% at the beginning of
20019,…
Gender Equality
Remains a controversial gender issue that needs to be
addressed not only in the Philippines but also worldwide.
Women, in particular, experience inequalities in schools, in
peer groups, in workplaces, in almost every place they
frequent

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