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Types of Reactions

The document describes 5 main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. It provides examples of each type and explains their general forms with balanced chemical equations. The document also discusses how to predict if single displacement and double displacement reactions will occur based on reactivity and solubility rules.

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Salina Saluja
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75 views22 pages

Types of Reactions

The document describes 5 main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. It provides examples of each type and explains their general forms with balanced chemical equations. The document also discusses how to predict if single displacement and double displacement reactions will occur based on reactivity and solubility rules.

Uploaded by

Salina Saluja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Chemical Reactions

Review
 A chemical equation describes a chemical
change.
 The Law of Conservation of Mass says that
the number and kind of atoms going INTO
a chem. rxn must be the same as the
number and kind of atoms coming OUT.
 Balancing an equation makes it obey the Law
of Conservation of Mass.
Types of Reactions
 Chem. rxns are
often separated
into different
categories.
Types of Chemical Reactions
 The five types of chemical reactions we
will discuss are:
 Synthesis

 Decomposition

 Single Displacement

 Double Displacement

 Combustion
Synthesis Reactions
 Two or more
substances combine to
form one substance.
 The general form is A
+ X AX

 Example:
 2Mg + O  2MgO
2
Decomposition Reactions
 One substance reacts
to form two or more
substances.
 The general form is
AX  A + X

 Example:
 2H O  2H + O
2 2 2
Single Displacement Reactions
 A metal replaces a metal ion (or H+)
in a cmpd.
 The general form is A + BX  AX + B

 A nonmetal replaces a nonmetal ion


in a cmpd.
 The general form is Y + BX  BY + X
Single Displacement Reactions
Single Displacement Reactions
 Examples:
 Ni + AgNO 
3

 Nickel replaces the metallic ion Ag+.


 The silver becomes free silver and the

nickel becomes the nickel(II) ion.


 Ni + 2AgNO  2Ag + Ni(NO )
3 3 2
Double Displacement Reactions
 Ions of two
compounds exchange
places with each other.
 The general form is:

 AX + BY  AY + BX
Double Displacement
 NaOH + CuSO4 
 The Na+ and Cu2+ switch places.
 Na+ combines with SO42- to form Na2SO4.
 Cu2+ combines with OH- to form Cu(OH)2
 2NaOH + CuSO4  Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2
Combustion Reaction
 When a substance combines with
oxygen, a combustion reaction
results.
 Combustion Reaction: A fuel reacts with
oxygen to produce oxides of the fuel’s
elements.
 The combustion reaction may be
burning of a fuel.
Combustion Reaction
 When hydrocarbon compounds are
burned in oxygen, the products are
water and carbon dioxide.
 CH + 2O  CO + 2H O
4 2 2 2
Combustion Reactions
 Combustion reactions release light and
heat.
 Natural gas, propane, gasoline, etc. are
burned to produce heat energy.
 Most of these organic reactions produce
water and carbon dioxide.
 If any elements are present in the fuel besides C
and H, the reaction will also produce oxides of
those elements.
Practice
 Classify each of the following
reactions:

 H2 + Cl2  2HCl
 Synthesis

 Ca + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2
 Single displacement
Practice
 2CO + O2  2CO2
 Synthesis

 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2


 Decomposition
Practice
 CH3SH + 3O2  CO2 + 2H2O + SO2
 Combustion

 Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
 Single replacement
Predicting the Outcomes of
Chemical Reactions
 Predicting Single Displacement Outcomes
 Need activity series handout.
 Any metal on the activity series is capable of
displacing any metal ion below it.
 Metals cannot displace more active metals.
 If a metal is placed in contact with a compound that
has a more active metal, no reaction will occur.
 A halogen can displace any halogen beneath it.
 Example: Cl2 can displace Br-1 ions and I-1 ions from
compounds, but it cannot displace F-1 ions.
Predicting the Outcomes of
Chemical Reactions
 Predict whether a chem. rxn will occur in
each of the following cases, and if it does,
what products it will form.
 Mg + Cu(NO3)2  ???
 Mg is higher than Cu on the activity series.
 Mg will displace Cu from Cu(NO3)2.
 The expected products are Mg(NO3)2 and Cu.
 Mg + Cu(NO3)2  Mg(NO3)2 + Cu
 Fe + AlCl3  ???
 Fe is lower than Al on the activity series.
 There will be no chemical reaction.
Predicting the Outcomes of
Chemical Reactions
 Would you expect each of the following
chemical reactions to occur as written?
 Li + NaCl  LiCl + Na
 2Al + 3CuCl2  2AlCl3 + 3Cu
 Ni + Zn(NO3)2  Ni(NO3)2 + Zn
 Mg + 2HBr  MgBr2 + H2
 F2 + 2KBr  2KF + Br2
 I2 + 2KBr  2KI + Br2
Predicting the Outcomes of
Chemical Reactions
 Predicting Double Displacement Outcomes
 Need solubility rules handout.
 A dbl displacement reaction will occur if at
least one of its products is insoluble.
Predicting the Outcomes of
Chemical Reactions
 Predict whether a chem. rxn will occur in each
of the following cases, and if it does, what
products it will form.
 NaOH + Cu(NO3)2  ???
 Two possible products: NaNO3 and Cu(OH)2
 NaNO3 is soluble, but Cu(OH)2 is not.
 This reaction will proceed.
 KCl + Fe(NO3)3  ???
 Two possible products: KNO3 and FeCl3
 KNO3 and FeCl3 are both soluble.
 There will be no chemical reaction.

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