Advanced construction work : Digital building

models and drawings

Project Delivery Methods
• Design-Bid-Build
• Design-Build
• CM At-Risk (CM/GC)
 DESIGN-BID-BUILD

• Design-bid-build still has its many followers among owners who

believe that they can obtain the very best design and the most
cost-effective construction by holding both sides separate.
• Usually more time consuming
• Lack of coordination among participants
Design-Bid-Build
• Project Time Line
SELECT
CE

DESIGN

BIDDIN
G/
AWARD

CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT PROJECT
START COMPLETION
DESIGN-BUILD
• A single entity to provides both design and
construction services under one contract.
• Owner selects a team rather than the best
architect and best builder
• Team concept- contractor assists with
planning and budget during design phase.
• Enables fast track delivery – construction
begins before design is completed.

• Portions or all of the design and construction may be performed by

the entity or subcontracted to other companies.
• it is characterized by high levels of collaboration between the design
and construction disciplines, input from multiple trades into the
design, and a single entity bearing project risk.
Design-Build
• Better communication among all parties
• Allows construction input early in design phase
• Easier incorporation of changes, if any
• A clear understanding and documentation of design-build processes
enhances the quality of design-build projects

• Project Time Line

OWNER’S
CE

OR IN- SELECT
HOUSE DESIGN
BUILDER

DESIGN

PRE- CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
Construction Management

Construction Manager is a consultant to the owner during design

phases, and acts as general contractor during construction with a
commitment to deliver the project within a guaranteed maximum
price.

• Construction Manager(CM) is hired by owner

• Architect is hired for construction documents
• CM oversees (or assists with) design (cost, schedule and
constructability)
• Construction documents are used to bid or negotiate the
work
• Contractor is selected
• CM is on board through construction
Traditional Project Delivery Process
Paper-based documentation & communication
• Unexpected field costs and delays due to errors, omissions and
changes during construction./requires re-design
• Significant time to carry out critical assessment of design
information. adverse
Costly fabrication due to inconsistency, inaccuracy and uncertainty in
design.
• Most fabrication and construction is onsite where exact conditions
are known.
• Compared with factory environments, errors are more common
due to ill-defined and changing onsite conditions.

8
Traditional Project Delivery Process
Lack of collaboration and much fragmentation
• Incompatible systems in use by various teams make it difficult to
collaborate efficiently/inability to fully coordinate the project.
• Bad inter operability prevents team members from sharing
information quickly and accurately, resulting in added costs in
construction, operation and maintenance phases.
Limited depth of building information in drawings
• Leads to the need for re-entering data for post-design simulation and
analysis.

9
The Modern approach
Digital building models
Digital building models
• Digital models of the building live from the early
design phases through construction to operation,
maintenance and use of the building .
• Increased focus on integration with analysis tools.
 The Modern Approach: BIM

Engineer Contractor

Architect
Manufacturer

Trades BIM Owner

A shared knowledge resource

12
 BIM /Building Information
Presentation Title Modeling
BIM is the process of delivering and operating built assets
using well-structured digital information that all the
necessary parties have access to.

The BIM process requires all parties to collaborate and

share the information they create in a mutually accessible
online space known as a common data environment . This
way, everyone who needs to access the information can.
That collection of data is known as an 'information model'.
Information models can be used to inform all stages of a
built asset's lifecycle; from inception right through to
operation and renewal.
 BIM /Building Information Modeling
Uses three-dimensional, real-time, dynamic building
modeling software that increases productivity in building
design, construction and operations

Creates a model that encompasses building geometry,

spatial relationships, geographic information, and
quantities and properties of building components.

BIM, not only manages and model graphics, but also all
information. This information allows automatic generation
of drawings and reports with design analysis, schedule
simulation, facilities management, and much more.
 BIM Tool
• Autodesk • Bently
– Bently Arcitecture
– Revit
– RAM Steel
– Autocad
– Navisworks
• Onuma
• Graphisoft – OPS
– Archicad
• Google
– Sketchup
3D control and planning or Digital layout
• An information model is used to layout facility
assemblies or automate control of
equipment’s movement and location. Detailed
control points are created from the model to
aid in assembly layout, i.e. layout of walls
using a total station with points preloaded
and/or using GPS coordinates to determine if
proper excavation depth is reached.
 Why BIM?
Don’t do rework but Do pre work.
Increase
Design visualization
• Confidence
Reduction of Errors
• Understanding Collision Detection/Clash View Modeling
• Communication Quantity Take Off
4D Constructability
Reduce 5D Cost Estimating
• Delivery time Asset/Equipment Inventory
Facility Operations
• Project cost
Space assignment
• Waste Maintenance/Repair
• Injuries Emergency response, etc.
• Conflicts
Bim dimensions explained

2D visualisation of the 3D on a plan

3D Basic geometrical representation

4D + Scheduling

5D + Estimating

6D + Sustainability

7D + Facility management applications.

Uses 3D models Provides greater Uses and shares Enables prompt
to capture, project insight for the same response to
explore, and cost, schedule, consistent data change with
maintain and whether you’re at processes that are
consistent and constructability your desk or in the smarter and faster
coordinated field
planning, design,
construction, and
operational data
 Presentation Title
The Four Winds of Building Information

Modelling. Uses 3D models to

1 capture, explore, and

maintain consistent
and coordinated
planning, design,
construction, and Uses and shares the
Provides greater operational data same consistent data
project insight for whether you’re at
cost, schedule, and your desk or in the
4
2
constructability

Enables prompt
field

response to change
with processes that
are smarter and faster
3
Using BIM, owners can:
• Improve building quality
• Significantly reduce building lifecycle costs
• Better understand design projects from beginning to end
• Optimize operational efficiencies
• Increase occupancy and use rates
 BIM saves time and money in the design phase

Area Description Example

Conceptual design Quickly iterate on design The Beck Group created 100 visualizations for
elements including building a church in Seoul and adjusted the shape of
form, sustainability, client the building to appear curved, but with flat
requests, municipal glass, saving over $1 million on glazing and
regulations, budget, and more. mullions, and 1,000 hours of design time
Conduct analyses and
simulation
Sustainable Complete energy analysis Using BIM to evaluate design scenarios for
building design early in the design stage to energy savings, NASA’s 50,000’ building in
reduce ongoing energy Silicon Valley yielded features such as a steel-
consumption frame exoskeleton, geothermal wells, natural
ventilation, wastewater treatment, and a
photovoltaic roof that will provide 30% of the
building’s power

Design Create a building model and complete set of designs documents in an

Documentation integrated database, where everything is interconnected and there is real-time
self-coordination of information
 BIM saves time and money in the construction phase

Area Description Example

General construction  Links project planning to
Contractor Robins and Morton used BIM
construction planning and
to design and construct an Augusta,
simulation, as well as
Maine hospital. Due to greater
visualization during construction
collaboration, the project was completed
and digital fabrication
ten months ahead of schedule and
 Enhances project
returned approximately US$20 million in
communication and
value-added savings.
collaboration among teams
 Create more accurate cost
estimates
 Deliver more projects on time
and within budget

Pre-fabrication,  Extract information from BIM to J.C. Cannistraro used BIM and pre-
modular construction pre-fabricate building fabrication to upgrade the central utility
components to improve project plant for University of Massachusetts's
schedule, reduce cost, improve Boston campus helping to minimize
site safety, and produce greener installation time of a new HVAC system
construction practices by and hangers
reducing material waste
 BIM saves time and money in the management phase

Area Description Examples

Lifecycle costs  Reuse building models and data  Shanghai Tower Construction &
to better manage facility Development Co. Ltd. used BIM not
operations only to design and build, but also to
 Analyze data-rich models to inform operations of their super high-
optimize resources and reduce rise tower. STC&D plans to use BIM
waste and lower lifetime for emergency and property
maintenance and operation management going forward.
costs
 Use intelligent 3D models to  The Government Services
help manage space and perform Administration (GSA) is creating a
spatial validation for tenant database of its 3D models to inform
chargebacks O&M and future projects. Additional
software leveraging the 3D models
will use its data for security, updates,
analysis, and reporting.
Top internal business benefits of using BIM for construction
projects for owners

Reduced document errors and

omissions
61%

Reduced rework 36%

Reduced construction cost 30%

Reduce project duration 22%

Fewer claims/litigation 17%

key considerations for the successful implementation of Building
Information Modeling (BIM).
Virtual Reality :: Panorama

• mix model and reality

Service Planning & 3D Modeling
Clash View Modeling
Structural BIM Modeling (Steel)
Interior
Requirements:
● BIM supported modeling software
● Laser scanning point cloud manipulation
software
● 3D laser scanning
● Conventional surveying equipment
Personnel skills:
● Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review a 3D model
● Knowledge of Building Information Model authoring tools
● Knowledge of 3D laser scanning tools
● Knowledge of conventional surveying tools and equipment
● Ability to shift through mass quantities of data that is generated by
a 3D laser scan
● Ability to determine what level of detail will be required to add
“value”
to the project
● Ability to generate Building Information Model from 3D laser scan
and/or conventional survey data
END ….. T hank You