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Basic life support (BLS) is a systematic approach to assess and treat cardiac arrest and acutely ill or injured patients. The goal of BLS is to support and restore effective oxygenation, ventilation, and circulation with return of intact neurologic function through interventions like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and defibrillation if needed. BLS involves assessing responsiveness, calling for help, checking breathing and pulse, performing chest compressions and rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio for 2 minutes before reassessing the pulse and rhythm. An automated external defibrillator may be used to deliver shocks if a shockable rhythm is detected.

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43 views

Untitled Presentation

Basic life support (BLS) is a systematic approach to assess and treat cardiac arrest and acutely ill or injured patients. The goal of BLS is to support and restore effective oxygenation, ventilation, and circulation with return of intact neurologic function through interventions like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and defibrillation if needed. BLS involves assessing responsiveness, calling for help, checking breathing and pulse, performing chest compressions and rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio for 2 minutes before reassessing the pulse and rhythm. An automated external defibrillator may be used to deliver shocks if a shockable rhythm is detected.

Uploaded by

lakshmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC LIFE

SUPPORT
( BLS)

Dr.RASHMI
It is a systematic approach to
assess and treat cardiac arrest
WHAT IS and acutely ill or injured patients
BASIC LIFE for optimum care.
SUPPORT
(BLS)?
GOAL : To support and restore
effective oxygenation, ventilation,
and circulation with return of
intact neurologic function.
• Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) can be performed
• By ANYONE
• ANYWHERE
• IMMEDIATELY
• without any other equipment
OBJECTIVES

How to perform chest


How to assess an compression and rescue
unconscious individual? breathing until the arrival
of Advanced Life Support?
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN
BLS?
Scene Safety
Check Responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check breathing

Check pulse

30 chest compressions
open airway
2 breaths
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN
BLS?

Continue for 2 minutes


Check pulse
Shock
Continue CPR
ROSC/ Termination
SCENE SAFETY

Scene Safety
Safety of :
Check responsiveness
• Rescuer/s
Call for HELP

• Victim
Check breathing
Check pulse

30 chest compressions
open airway
2 breaths
CHECK RESPONSE

Scene safety
Check responsiveness

Call for HELP


Check breathing

Check pulse
30 chest compressions
open airway
20 breaths
CHECK
RESPONSE
1. Tap shoulders gently
2. Ask “Are you all right?”
3. If he responds
• Leave him as you find
him
• Find out what is wrong
• Reassess regularly

4. If he does not respond, go


to next step
CALL FOR HELP!
Scene safety
Check responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check for breathing

Check pulse
30 chest compressions

Open Airway
2 Breaths
CALL FOR HELP!

Activate Emergency Response System

Or
Ask them to get an AED send someone to activate the ERS and
get an AED
• Out of hospital --> Call 108

CALL FOR • Inside hospital --> CODE BLUE 2020


HELP!
• DO NOT FORGET!!

Ask for AED/


Defibrillator
CHECK BREATHING

Scene safety
Check Responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check breathing
Check pulse
30 chest compressions
open airway
20 breaths
CHECK BREATHING

Check for absent breathing


Assessment of the type of respiration need not be done (agonal breathing
, gasping )
GOAL = Early delivery of chest compression

Looking at or scanning the chest for


movement

About 5-10 seconds


CHECK PULSE
Scene safety
Check responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check Breathing
CHECK Pulse
30 chest compressions
open airway
2 Breaths
For not more than
10 seconds .
CHECK
PULSE
SITE : Over the
Carotids
• How to check?

• While maintaining the head tilt with

one hand on the forehead, locate the

victim's trachea with 2 or 3 fingers -->

slide the fingers between the trachea

and the muscles of the neck where the

carotid pulse can be felt


CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Scene safety
Check responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check Breathing

Check Pulse
30 chest compressions

Open Airway
2 Breaths
PUSH HARD, PUSH FAST!!
• Place the heel of the dominating hand
on the lower half of the sternum
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Compress the chest

• Rate 100 per min


• Depth 2-2.4 inches for adults, not greater
than 2.5 inches or 6cm
• Depth of 1.5 inches of infants
• When possible change Operator every
2 min.
HIGH QUALITY CPR

• Compress the center of the chest HARD and FAST


• Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
• Minimize interruptions in compressions (10 seconds or
less)
• Switch providers about every 2 minutes to avoid fatigue
• Avoid excessive ventilation
OPEN AIRWAY

Scene safety
Check responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check breathing

Check pulse

30 chest compressions
Open airway
2 breaths
AIRWAY OPENING BY
NECK EXTENSION

Campbell
OPEN AIRWAY

HEAD TILT, CHIN LIFT + JAW


THRUST
RESCUE BREATHS
Scene safety
Check responsiveness

Call for HELP!


Check breathing
Check pulse
30 chest compressions
open airway
2 breaths
RESCUE BREATHS
 Pinch the nose
 Take a deep breath
 Make a seal over victim's mouth
 Blow until the chest rises
 Take about 1 second
 Allow chest to fall
 Repeat
BREATHS

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Give each breaths over about 1 second with enough volume to make
the victim’s chest rise
BREATHING : MOUTH TO
NOSE (WHEN TO USE)
• Can’t open mouth
• Can’t make a good seal
• Severe injury to mouth
C AND E MANEUVER TO HOLD
FACE MASK
HOW LONG BEFORE CHECKING
FOR PULSE AGAIN?
• Compressions : breaths at ratio
Continue CPR for 2
of 30:2
mins
• five cycles of 30:2 --> 2 minutes Check pulse again
OR Shock
• Rate of 100-120 compressions
Continue CPR
per minute for 2 minutes
ROSC/ Termination
• Check pulse after 2 minutes of
CPR
• If there is a pulse, start RESCUE BREATHING at
1 breath every 5-6 seconds
(10-12 breaths per minute)
CONTINUE CPR TILL
HELP ARRIVES

30 2
2017 AHA GUIDELINES FOR
BLS

A irway C ompressions

B reathing A irway

C irculation B reathing
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR (AED)
Some AEDs will
automatically
switch themselves
on when the lid is
opened
STEPS FOR DEFIBRILLATION

1. Gain access to the patient's chest by cutting off their upper clothing

2. Position the defibrillation pads correctly on the patient.

3. Use the anterior-lateral position


• One paddle or pad is placed on the midaxillary line over the 6th left
intercostal space on the left side of the body
• Other on the right parasternal area over the 2nd intercostal space
ATTACH PADS TO
VICTIMS’S BARE CHEST
DEFIBRILLATION

• Check for a shockable rhythm with an AED/ defibrillator as soon as it


arrives

• Provide shocks if indicated as shockable rhythm

• Follow each shock immediately with CPR, beginning with


compressions for 2minutes i.e., 5 cycles of 30:2 and then check the
rhythm again
ANALYSING RHYTHM -
DO NOT TOUCH VICTIM
WHEN TO DELIVER SHOCK?

SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS Non- shockable rhythms

• Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)  Asystole

• Pulseless Ventricular • Pulseless Electrical Activity


Tachycardia (VT) (PEA)
SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
SHOCK INDICATED

• Stand clear

• Deliver shock
CONTINUE CPR

with chest compressions and


intermittent breaths 30:2
• When the defibrillator is fully charged, it will alarm. This is your cue to say the
following in a clear and loud voice:
• - Compressions cease
• - Compressor stand clear

• If the heart rhythm is VF or VT:


• 1. SAY in a loud, clear voice:
• - All clear, shocking
• 2. PRESS the shock button (double check that everyone is still clear prior to
pressing the button).

• When shock is delivered due to a heart rhythm of VF or VT: Immediately


resume CPR
RECOVERY POSITION
• If victim has palpable pulse and starts to breathe
normally, place him/her in
RECOVERY POSITION
RECOVERY POSITION
TECHNIQUE
COMPLICATIONS OF CPR
• Rib fractures
• Laceration related to the tip of the sternum
- Liver, lung, spleen.
• Aspiration
WHY CPR MAY FAIL?
• Delay in starting CPR is the most important cause of death in such cases
• Failure of high quality CPR
• Improper procedures (ex. Forget to pinch nose)
• Delay in defibrillation
• No follow-up with ACLS
• Only 15% who receive CPR live to go home.
• This is primarily attributed to improper techniques.
• Terminal disease or unmanageable disease (massive heart attack)
THANK YOU

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