Network

Administration Course
Instructor – Htoo Aung Hlaing
Microsoft Certified Trainer
Service Professional
 It Career Pathway

Computer Basic Programing Basic Computer A+

Cisco
Network Juniper
Mikrotik
Computer Hardware Advanced
Networking Basic
Networking Server Microsoft
System Linux/Redhat
VMware
Cloud Service
Provider
 CISCO

 CCNA > Cisco Certified Network Associate

 CCNP > Cisco Certified Network Professional
 CCIE > Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert
 CCAR > Cisco Certified Architect

 Routing Switching
 Enterprise
 Service Provider
 Microsoft Certification

 Microsoft Server Certification

 Cloud Server Provider Certification (Azure)
 Office 365 Certification
 Microsoft Dev Ops (Azure)
“
Being a professional means
doing your job on the days you
don’t want to do it
What is Network?
 A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to allow data sharing. Ana example of a
network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all over the world. To the
right is an example image of a home network with multiple computers and other
network devices all connected.

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Type of Network?

1. Telecommunication a
Network
 PSTN Network (Public
Switch Telephone Network)
 ADSL (Asymmetric digital
subscriber line)

2. Electronic Network
 Network Communication
Device (Eg. Computer,
Router, Switch, Firewall..etc..

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Workstation and Server
 Workstation, a high-performance computer system that is basically designed for a
single user and has advanced graphics capabilities, large storage acapacity, and a
powerful central processing unit.
 Servers are high-powered computers built to store, process, and manage network
data, devices, and systems. Servers are the engines powering organizations by
providing network devices and systems with adequate resources. For businesses,
servers offer critical scalability, efficiency, and business continuity capabilities.

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Classification of the network
Based on the geographical dispersion of network components,networks can be
classified into various categories, including the following. a
 PAN (Personal Area Network)
 LAN (Local Area Network)
 CAN (Campus Area Network)
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
 SAN (Storage Area Network)
 WAN (Wide Area Network)

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 Personal Area Network
(PAN)
 A Personal Area Network is a computer network for interconnecting devices
centered on a individual personal’s workspace. a

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Local Area Network (LAN)
 A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and peripheral devices that
a
share a common communications line or wireless link to a server within a distinct
geographic area.

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 Campus Area Network
(CAN)
 A campus area network is a group of interconnected local area networks operating
within a limited geographical area. Campus networks are used in amanufacturing,
warehousing,Auniversities,
campus area and alsoisina corporate
network and industrial
group of interconnected settings
local area
networks operating within a limited geographical area. Campus
networks are used in manufacturing, warehousing, universities,
and also in corporate and industrial settings

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 Metropolitan Area
Network(MAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) provide
network communications over larger geographical regions. The primarya difference
between the two lies within the size of the regions being served.Large geographical
area between 5 to 50 kilometers in range. This geographical area can include several
buildings, such as a college campus, sometimes referred to as a campus network, or
an area as large as a city.

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Storage Area Network(SAN)
 A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated high-speed network or subnetwork that
a
interconnects and presents shared pools of storage devices to multiple servers.A
SAN moves storage resources off the common user network and reorganizes them
into an independent, high-performance network.

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Wide Area Network (WAN)
 A wide-area network (WAN)
is the technology that a
connects your offices, data
centers, cloud applications,
and cloud storage together. It
is called a wide-area network
because it spans beyond a
single building or large
campus to include multiple
locations spread across a
specific geographic area, or
even the world.

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Network Topologies
 Physical Topology
 Logical Topology a

 Physical Topology
 Bus Topology
 Star Topology
 Mesh Topology
 Ring Topology
 Hybrid Topology
 Wireless Topology

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Bus Topology
 A bus topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all the
nodes are connected to a single cable. The cable to which the nodes a connect is
called a "backbone". If the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails.

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Ring Topology
 In Ring Topology, all the nodes are connected to each-other in such a way that they
make a closed loop. Each workstation is connected to two other acomponents on
either side, and it communicates with these two adjacent neighbors. Data travels
around the network, in one direction. Sending and receiving of data takes place by
the help of TOKEN.

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Star Topology
 In Star topology, all the components of network are connected to the central device
called “hub” which may be a hub, a router or a switch. Unlikea Bus topology
(discussed earlier), where nodes were connected to central cable, here all the
workstations are connected to central device with a point-to-point connection

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Mash Topology
 A mesh topology is a network topology in which all the network nodes are
individually connected to most of the other nodes. There is not aa concept of a
central switch, hub or computer which acts as a central point of communication to
pass on the messages.

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 Hybrid Topology
 Hybrid topology, we saw that a network topology is a connection of various links
and nodes, communicating with each other for transfer of data. We also sawa various
advantages and disadvantages of Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh and Tree topologies. or
example, if there exists a ring topology in one office department while a bus
topology in another department, connecting these two will result in Hybrid topology

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Network Media
 Network media is broken down into three categories.
 Copper a
 Fiber Optic
 Wireless
 Each category is divided into subcategories
 Each subcategory has different specifications and uses.

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Network Media
 Coaxial
 Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable a
specially built with a metal shield and
other components engineered to block
signal interference. It is primarily used
by cable TV companies to connect
their satellite antenna facilities to
customer homes and businesses.

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Coaxial Cable Type

BNC Connector
F-Connector

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Network Media
 Twisted Pair Cable
 Two types of twisted pair cables. type of cable/ The use of two wires twisted
a together helps to reduce
crosstalk and electromagnetic induction. While twisted-pair cable is used by older telephone networks
and is the least expensive type of local-area network (LAN) cable, most networks contain some
twisted-pair cabling at some point along the network.

4 Pairs , 8 Wired

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 Unshielded twisted -Pair Cable
(UTP)
 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type of copper cabling used in telephone wiring and
a
local area networks (LANs). There are five types of UTP cables -- identified with the prefix CAT, as in
category -- each supporting a different amount of bandwidth.
 Inside a UTP cable is up to four twisted pairs of copper wires, enclosed in a protective plastic cover,
with the greater number of pairs corresponding to more bandwidth. The two individual wires in a
single pair are twisted around each other, and then the pairs are twisted around each other, as well. This
is done to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic interference.

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 Shielded twisted -Pair Cable (STP)
 Shielded twisted pair is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations.
a
An outer covering or shield is added to the ordinary twisted pair telephone wires; the shield functions
as a ground. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers
to the telephone company.

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 Difference UTP
Cable
 Category1
a
 Category2
 Category3
 Category4
 Category5
 Category5e
 Category6
 Category6a

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Designation for UTP and STP
T-568A T-658B

Pin Color Pin Name Pin Color Pin Name

1 Green / White TX+ 1 Orange / White TX+
2 Green TX- 2 Orange TX-
3 Orange / White RX+ 3 Green / White RX+
4 Blue Not Used
4 Blue Not Used
5 Blue / White Not Used
5 Blue / White Not Used
6 Orange RX-
6 Green RX-
7 Brown / White Not Used
7 Brown / White Not Used
8 Brown Not Used
8 Brown Not Used
Straight-Through Cable
 Use Straight-Through cables for PC to Switch, PC to Router, Switch to Router.
 Cross Over Cable
 Use Cross Over cables for PC to PC, Switch to Switch, Router to Router. Not required
if switch support MDIX.
Networking Cable Tools

Cable Crimper Snips / Scissors Wire Stripper Cable Tester

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 OSI 7 Model

 OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It has been developed a by ISO –
‘International Organization for Standardization‘, in the year 1984. It is a 7-layer
architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7
layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the
globe.

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 MAC
Address

 A Unique Identifier assigned to network interfaces. Work at the data link

a layer. Also
be Know as Hardware Address or Physical Address. 48-bits Address. 12 Hexadecimal
digitals, grouped in 6 pairs.

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TCP/UDP Protocol
 TCP = Transmission Control Protocol a
 UDP= User Datagram Protocol

TCP UDP
Connection-Oriented Connectionless
Reliable Unreliable
Protocol Number 6 Protocol Number 17
Support full duplex Does not support full duplex
Acknowledge segments No acknowledgement
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 TCP/UDP Port
Number

 The Port Number =16Bits Number a

 Maximum Possible Value=65535

Port Number Range Port Group

0 to 1023 Well Known Ports
1024 to 49151 Registered Ports
49152 to 65535 Private or Dynamic Ports

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 Application Protocol Port Number

FTP DATA/Control TCP 20,21

SSH Remote Login TCP 22

Telnet TCP 23

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol TCP 25

Domain Name System TCP/UDP 53

DHCP UDP 67,68

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol TCP 80

Post Office Protocol TCP 110

Network Time Protocol UDP 123

NETBIOS TCP/UDP 137-139

Internet Message Access Protocol UDP 143

Simple Network Management UDP 161

Apple Talk TCP/UDP 201

HTTPS TCP 443

HTTP TCP 80

Server Message Block (SMB) TCP 445

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) TCP/UDP 3389

HTTP Proxy TCP 8080

IEEE Standard
 The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) is a global association
a and
organization of professionals working toward the development, implementation and
maintenance of technology-centered products and services. IEEE develops many
different standards, such as IEEE 802 and IEEE 802.11 (commonly known as Wi-Fi),
and provides ongoing innovation, amendments and maintenance services for these
standards

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IEEE Standard
IEEE 802 Primarily focuses on the physical layer of the 7 layers (OSI) Model.
a
IEEE Standards Functions

IEEE 802.1 Internetworking Standard

IEEE 802.3 Wired Ethernet

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring

IEEE 802.7 Broadband LAN Cabling

IEEE 802.8 Fiber Optic Connection

IEEE 802.11 Wireless Standard (WLAN)

IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth (WPAN)

IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (Wi-Max)

IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access

47 (MBWA)
Networking Protocol

 Protocol is a set of rules and procedures used for communication. a

 Types of Network Protocol
1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
2. IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequence Packet Exchange)
3. NetBIOS/NetBEUI (Network Basic Input/ Output System/ NetBIOS Exchanged user
interface)
4. Apple Talk

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TCP/IP Addressing

 IP Addressing a
 1IP Address is logical address given to each and every device in the network defined
by IANA.
 Resides at OSI Layer-3 address (Network Layer).
 Two Version of IP:
 IP version 4 (IPv4)
 IP version 6 (Ipv6)
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a standards organization that
oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone
management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet
Protocol–related symbols and Internet numbers.

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 IPv4 Address
Structure

 32-bits addressing system. a

 IPv4 address are comprised of 4 octets.
 Dotted decimal notation is used to segment the octet.
 Each section contains a number between 0 to 255.
 Example: 10.1.12.1, 172.16.1.1, 192.168.1.254
 Total number of IPv4 Address Space=4,294,967,296 9 4.3 Billions)

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IPv4 Address Classification

 Class A 0-127 a
 Class B 128-191 Used in LAN & WAN
 Class C 192.223
 Class D 224-239 Reserved For Multicasting
 Class E 240-255 Research and Development

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Subnet Mask

 Identify network and host portion of network. a

 Default Subnet Mask:

Address Class Dotted Decimal Prefix

Class A 255.0.0.0 /8
Class B 255.255.0.0 /16
Class C 255.255.255.0 /24
Class D 255.255.255.255 /32
Class E None None

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Network & Host Portions

 Identify network and host portion of network. a

 Default Subnet Mask:

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 Order Bits

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Assignable IP Address
 The number of assignable IP addresses in the various classes of IP addresses shown in table.
a

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IPv4 Public IP and Private IP Address
 The number of assignable IP addresses in the various classes of IP addresses shown in table.
a

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 Range of Private IP
Address
 The number of assignable IP addresses in the various classes of IP addresses shown in table.
 Defined in RFC 1918 a
 For internal use only
 Cannot be routed through the internet

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Special Addresses: Reserved

 Default or Unknown Address a

 0.0.0.0
 Loopback Address
 127.0.0.0/8
 APIPA or link local Address
 169.254.0.0/16

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Assignment of IP Addresses

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IPv6 Overview and Structure

a
 A hexadecimal digit in the range of 0-9 and A-F
 8 fields separated by colons (:)
 128 bits Address (16 Bytes)
 Example : 2001 : 2391 : 12d3 : 5f34 : fd45 : 83e0 : 0000 : 3861

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IPv6 Address Compression

a
 IPv6 Address Space 128 Bits Long = 3.4 * 1038
 Displayed in 16 bits hexadecimal blocks
 Example: FE80:0000:0000:0000:05EE:00FF:0238:47B1
 Simplify by suppressing the leading 0.
 FE80: 0: 0: 0: 5EE : FF : 238 : 47B1
 Abbreviate 2+ groups of zeros with double colons “::”
 FE80:: 5EE: FF : 238 : 47B1

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 RAID

a
 Redundant Array independent disks (RAID)
 The standard RAID levels comprise a basic set of RAID (redundant array of independent disks)
configurations that employ the techniques of striping, mirroring, or parity to create large reliable data
stores from multiple general-purpose computer hard disk drives (HDDs).
 Raid Level Types
1.Raid 0
2.Raid 1
3.Raid 5
4.Raid 6
63 5.Raid 1+0
RAID 0 (Striped Volume)

 RAID 0 is a standard RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) level or configuration

a that uses
striping - rather than mirroring and parity - for data handling. RAID 0 is also known as a striped
volume or a striped set because that is all the configuration does.

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RAID 1 (Mirror Volume)

 Redundant Array of Independent Disks Mode 1) A popular disk or solid state drive a(SSD) subsystem
that increases safety by writing the same data on two drives. Called "mirroring," RAID 1 does not
increase performance. However, if one drive fails, the second drive is used, and the failed drive is
manually replaced. After replacement, the RAID controller duplicates the contents of the working
drive onto the new one.

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 RAID 5

 RAID 5 is a standard RAID level configuration that uses block-level data striping and
a distributes parity to all the
disks. There is still some overhead during parity calculations, but since parity is written to all disks, no single drive
can be considered the bottleneck, and I/O operations are spread evenly across all drives. RAID 5 outperforms RAID
4 and achieved popularity because of the low cost of redundancy it provides. RAID 5 is similar to RAID 4, but the
dedicated drive used for parity was removed and replaced with a distributed algorithm. This resolves the bottlenecks
caused by a dedicated parity disk.

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RAID 6 (Double-parity Raid)

 RAID 6 is a type of RAID level that utilizes block-level striping and distributes twoa parity blocks on each disk
within the array. It is considered an enhancement to RAID level 5, but adds an additional parity block on each disk
in the array. RAID 6 is also known as double-parity RAID. RAID 6 is the Redundant Array of Independent Disks
that is highly tolerant to data loss.

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 RAID
1+0
 Redundant array of independent disks 10 (RAID 10) is a combination of multiple mirrored drives (RAID 1) with
a
data stripe (RAID 0) in a single array. The RAID 10 array consists of a minimum of four hard disk drives and
creates a striped set from multiple mirrored drives. RAID 1+0 or RAID 10 is quite similar to RAID 0+1. Instead of
striping data between disk drive sets and then mirroring them, RAID 10 duplicates or mirrors the first two drives in
the set. As a result, RAID 10 offers the same performance as that of RAID 0+1 but provides superior data
protection.

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Thank you

Thanks to your commitment and strong work ethic,

we know next year will be even better than the last.
We look forward to working together.

Htoo Aung Hlaing

Instructor