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CONIC SECTIONS: PARABOLA

Ma’am Dianne Marie Crisol C. Perez
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PARABOLA

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PARABOLA
A parabola is the set of all points
in a plane that are equidistant from
a fixed line, the directrix, and a
OF

fixed point, the focus, that is not

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on the line
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VERTEX
The vertex of a parabola is the
point where the parabola
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crosses its axis of symmetry.

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FOCUS
The focus of a parabola lies
on the axis of the parabola.
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The focus of a parabola lies at

a distance of 'a' units from the
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vertex of the parabola.

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DIRECTRIX
The directrix is perpendicular
to the axis of symmetry of a
OF

parabola and does not touch

the parabola.
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LATUS RECTUM
The latus rectum of a parabola
is a line segment that passes
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through its focus, is parallel to

its directrix, and has its
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endpoints on the parabola

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AXIS OF SYMMETRY
The axis of symmetry of a
parabola is a vertical line
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that divides the parabola

into two congruent halves.
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The axis of symmetry always

passes through the vertex of
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the parabola .
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Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola

Vertex at the origin (0,0)
2
Directrix : x=-c
𝑦 =4𝑐𝑥 Opening: Opens to the Right/Left
OF

If c>0 : Opens to the Right

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If c<0 : Opens to the Left

Latus Rectum=4c
c → distance from vertex to focus
→ distance from vertex to directrix
Vertex(0,0)
IN THE

Latus Rectum: 4c
Focus: (c,0) → if opens right
Focus (c,0)
Directrix: x=-c→ if opens right
Focus: (-c,0) → if opens left
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Directrix: x=-c→ if opens left

c c

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Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola

Vertex at the origin (0,0)
2
𝑥 = 4 𝑐𝑦
Opening: Opens Up/Down
OF

Focus (0,c) If c>0 : Opens Up

POWER

If c<0 : Opens Down

Latus Rectum=4c
c → distance from vertex to focus
→ distance from vertex to directrix
Vertex(0,0)
IN THE

c
Latus Rectum: 4c
c Focus: (0,c) → if opens up
Directrix: y=-c→ if opens up
Directrix : y=-c
Focus: (0,-c) → if opens down
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Directrix: y=-c→ if opens down

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Example 1
Finding the Focus and Directrix of a Parabola
Find the focus and directrix of the parabola given by
OF

. Then graph the parabola

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Solution

Opening: Opens to the Right/Left

OF

If c>0 : Opens to the Right

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If c<0 : Opens to the Left

c → distance from vertex to focus
Latus Rectum: → distance from vertex to directrix
Vertex(0,0)
IN THE

Vertex(0,0) Distance Latus Rectum: 4c

Focus: (c,0) → if opens right
Focus: (c,0) → (3,0) Directrix: x=-c→ if opens right
Directrix: x=-3 Focus: (-c,0) → if opens left
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Directrix: x=-c→ if opens left

Axis of symmetry : x-axis
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Solution
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Latus Rectum:
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Vertex(0,0)
Focus: (c,0) → (3,0)
Directrix: x=-3
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Axis of symmetry : x-axis

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Example2
Finding the Focus and Directrix of a Parabola
Find the focus and directrix of the parabola given by
OF

. Then graph the parabola

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Solution

Opening: Opens Up/Down

OF

If c>0 : Opens Up
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If c<0 : Opens Down

c → distance from vertex to focus
Latus Rectum: → distance from vertex to directrix
Vertex(0,0)
IN THE

Vertex(0,0) Distance Latus Rectum: 4c

Focus: (0,c) → if opens up
Focus: (0,-c) → (0,-2) Directrix: y=-c→ if opens up
Directrix: y=2 Focus: (0,-c) → if opens down
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Directrix: y=-c→ if opens down

Axis of symmetry : y-axis
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Solution
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Latus Rectum:
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Vertex(0,0)
Focus: (0,-c) → (0,-2)
Directrix: y=2
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Axis of symmetry : y-axis

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Example 3
Find the standard
form of the
OF

equation of a
parabola with focus
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(5, 0) and directrix

x=-5 shown in
IN THE

Figure.
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Solution
The focus is (5, 0).
Thus, the focus is on the x-axis.
We use the standard form of the equation
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in which there is x-axis symmetry, namely

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Focus (c,0) → therefore c=5

Substitute the value of c to the equation
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Example 4
Find equation of parabola whose vertex is
(-1,0) and focus is at (4,0). Show solution
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Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola

Vertex at (h,k)

Opening: Opens to the Right/Left

OF

( 𝑦 − 𝑘)2 =4 𝑐(𝑥 −h)

If c>0 : Opens to the Right
POWER

If c<0 : Opens to the Left

c → distance from vertex to focus
Directrix : → distance from vertex to directrix
Vertex(h,k)
IN THE

V Latus Rectum: 4c
Focus: (h+c, k) → if opens right
Directrix: x=h-c→ if opens right
Focus: (h-c,k) → if opens left
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Focus:
Directrix: x=h-c→ if opens left

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Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola

Vertex at (h,k)

Opening: Opens Up/Down

OF

2
(𝑥 − h) =4 𝑐 (𝑦 − 𝑘) If c>0 : Opens Up
POWER

If c<0 : Opens Down

Focus: c → distance from vertex to focus
→ distance from vertex to directrix
Vertex(h,k)
IN THE

Latus Rectum: 4c
V Focus: (h,k+c) → if opens up
Directrix: y=k-c→ if opens up
Focus: (h,k-c) → if opens down
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Directrix : Directrix: y=k+c→ if opens down

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Example 4
Find the vertex, focus, and directrix of the parabola
given by
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Solution

Opening: Opens Up/Down

OF

If c>0 : Opens Up
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If c<0 : Opens Down

V(h,k) c → distance from vertex to focus
→ distance from vertex to directrix
V(3,-1) Vertex(h,k)
IN THE

Latus Rectum: 4c
Focus: (h,k+c) → if opens up
Directrix: y=k-c→ if opens up
Focus: (h,k-c) → if opens down
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Focus: (3,-1+2) → (3,1) Directrix: y=k-c→ if opens down

Directrix: y=(-1-2)→y=-3 SENIOR

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Solution
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V(h,k)
V(3,-1)
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Focus: (3,-1+2) → (3,1)

Directrix: y=(-1-2)→y=-3 SENIOR
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Example 5
Find the vertex, focus, and directrix of the parabola
given by
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Solution
2
𝑦 + 2 𝑦 +12 𝑥 −23=0 Isolate the y-terms
2 Completing the square
𝑦 + 2 𝑦 ¿ =− 12 𝑥 + 23¿
OF

2
𝑦 + 2 𝑦 +1=− 12 𝑥 +23 +1 Factor
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( 𝑦 + 1 )=− 12 𝑥 +24 Factor out -12

2
( 𝑦 − 𝑘) =4 𝑐 ( 𝑥 − h )
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( 𝑦 + 1 )2=− 12( 𝑥 −2)

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Solution

Opening: Opens to the Right/Left

OF

If c>0 : Opens to the Right

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If c<0 : Opens to the Left

V(h,k) c → distance from vertex to focus
→ distance from vertex to directrix
V(2,-1) Vertex(h,k)
IN THE

Latus Rectum: 4c
Focus: (h+c, k) → if opens right
Directrix: x=h-c→ if opens right
Focus: (h-c,0) → if opens left
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Focus: (2-3,-1) → (-1,-1) Directrix: x=h-c→ if opens left

Directrix: x=(2+3)→x=5 SENIOR

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Solution
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V(h,k)
V(2,-1)
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Focus: (2-3,-1) → (-1,-1)

Directrix: x=(2+3)→x=5 SENIOR
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Example 6
Find equation of parabola whose vertex is
(-1,2) and focus is at (-4,2). Show solution
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Example 7
Find equation of parabola whose vertex is
(-1,2) and focus is at (4,2). Show solution
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