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Lecture 4A - Shallow Foundation Forms Revised QS Students

This document discusses different types of shallow foundations used in commercial and industrial buildings, including pad, strip, and raft foundations. It provides information on the forces foundations must withstand, such as dead, live, and environmental loads. It also describes the types of stress that can affect foundations, including compressive, tensile, shear, strain, and moments. Finally, it provides more detail on pad foundations, including their use for low-rise buildings with light framing and concentrated point loads, as well as considerations for load distribution and bearing capacity.

Uploaded by

Shah Zaib
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

Lecture 4A - Shallow Foundation Forms Revised QS Students

This document discusses different types of shallow foundations used in commercial and industrial buildings, including pad, strip, and raft foundations. It provides information on the forces foundations must withstand, such as dead, live, and environmental loads. It also describes the types of stress that can affect foundations, including compressive, tensile, shear, strain, and moments. Finally, it provides more detail on pad foundations, including their use for low-rise buildings with light framing and concentrated point loads, as well as considerations for load distribution and bearing capacity.

Uploaded by

Shah Zaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Commercial Technology

Foundation Forms in Commercial


and Industrial Buildings
Pad, Strip & Raft

1
Learning Objectives

• Understand the differences between different


shallow and deep foundation

• Understand what design options for both shallow


and deep foundation.

2
Forces exerted by buildings and transferred to
foundations are:
1. Dead loads
2. Live loads
3. Environmental Loads

Foundations need adequate strength to resist loads.


Imposed Forces need to be counter balanced to avoid
movement/failure/deformation of the foundation.

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Types of Stress Affecting
Foundations

a) Compressive
b) Tensile
c) Shear stress
d) Strain
e) Moments

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• Shallow foundation Forms
– Pad Foundations
– Strip Foundations & Ground Beams
– Raft Foundations

8
Shallow Form Foundations
• High loadings would be experienced in commercial and
industrial buildings

• Low loadings traditionally low rise buildings

• Concentration of loadings (demonstrated as kN forces at


foundation level)

• Point loads versus uniform load distribution

• Sufficient load bearing capacity close to the surface

• Do all loads need to be transferred to deeper strata? 9


All of the following slides are taken from the
reference below available from CIS

Bearing Capacity v1.00 September 2010,


Bolton University

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Typical Square Pad
Column at Centre of
Elongated Pad allows closer Gravity Allows flexible pad
Boundary Position position 14
Pad Foundations

• For buildings such as low rise dwellings and lightly


framed structures, pad foundations may be of un-
reinforced concrete
• If the angle of spread of load from the pier or base
plate to the outer edge of the ground bearing does
not exceed one (vertical) in one (horizontal)
• AND that the stresses in the concrete due to
bending and shear do not exceed those in Table 11
of Civil Engineering Code of Practice No. 2 1951
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Concrete Kicker into Pad

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