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Basic Concepts of Disasters

This document defines disasters and disaster risk, and explains their underlying concepts. It states that a disaster is an event that causes widespread damage, injury, and loss of life, and seriously disrupts a community. Disaster risk is determined by three main factors: hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Hazards can be natural or man-made, while vulnerability and exposure refer to the susceptibility of human and physical assets to harm from hazards. The probability of negative consequences arising from the interaction of hazards with vulnerable areas and populations is considered the risk. The document also discusses risk assessment and loss management in disasters.

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Trizia Marie Chan
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31 views

Basic Concepts of Disasters

This document defines disasters and disaster risk, and explains their underlying concepts. It states that a disaster is an event that causes widespread damage, injury, and loss of life, and seriously disrupts a community. Disaster risk is determined by three main factors: hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Hazards can be natural or man-made, while vulnerability and exposure refer to the susceptibility of human and physical assets to harm from hazards. The probability of negative consequences arising from the interaction of hazards with vulnerable areas and populations is considered the risk. The document also discusses risk assessment and loss management in disasters.

Uploaded by

Trizia Marie Chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HAZAR RISK

The possibility of The probability of harm


something causing harm. it carries.
BASIC
CONCEPTS
OF
DISASTER
DISASTER
AND
RISK
WHAT IS A
DISASTER?
• A disaster is an event which
causes a widespread damage,
injury, and loss of lives and can
hit any place at any given time.
• Seriously disrupts the
functioning of a community.
FACTORS OF
DISASTER RISK
A hazard is threatening event, or the
I) probability of occurrence of a
potentially damaging phenomenon
HAZARDS within a given time period and area.

i) Natural hazards are naturally


occurring .

• Geophysical
• Hydrological
• Climatological
• Meteorological
• Biological
I)
HAZARDS
ii) Technological or man-made hazards
are events that are caused by humans.
• These hazards can be:
• Complex emergencies/conflicts
• Famine
• Displaced populations
• Industrial and transport accidents and
transport accidents
2) 2) Vulnerability refers to the natural
tendency of exposed elements such as
VULNERABIL human beings, their livelihoods, and
assets to suffer adverse effects when
ITY impacted by hazard events.

(VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD) =
DISASTER
CAPACIT
Y
3) EXPOSURE

3) Exposure refers to the inventory of


elements in an area in which hazard
events may occur.
WHEN DOES AN
EVENT BECOMES A
DISASTER?
Vulnerability vs
Exposure
Disasters are usually described
as a combined result of:

• Hazard exposure
• Present vulnerabilities; and
• insufficient capacity to recover.
RISK The probability that negative
consequences may arise when hazards
interact with vulnerable areas, people,
property, and the environment.

• Disaster Risk is the chance or


likelihood of suffering harm and loss as a
result of a hazardous event

𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒌 = 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 × 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔


𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒌 = 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 × 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔
FACTORS
OF RISK
• Physical
• Physiological
• Socio-cultural
• Economic
• Political
• Biological
RISK
ASSESSMENT
A participatory process to assess the
hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities of
a community

• Hazard Assessment
• Vulnerability Assessment
• Capacity Assessment
• Risk Analysis
Essential Components in
Determining Risk:

• Hazard Occurrence Probability


• Element-at-Risk
• Vulnerability of Element-at-Risk
Loss
Management
These are the pre- and post disaster
actions designed to keep the losses at the
minimum in human, structural, and
economic aspects.
Effect of
Disasters
• Human/Biological
• Social
• Physical/Materials
• Psychological
• Economic
• Environmental Degradation
• Political Impacts
THANK YOU!
ACTIVITY TIME!

Go to your respective groups.


Read and understand the Group 1 - Handout 1 and
article/s that will be assigned 2
to you. Group 2 - Handout 3 and
Why do you think it is 4
considered a disaster risk? Group 3 - Handout 5
Group 4 - Handout 6
Group 5 - Handout 7 and
WHY VANUATU IS
THE MOST AT-RISK
COUNTRY FOR
NATURAL
Natural disaster
Coping
Susceptibility
Adaptation
Natural disaster
Coping
Susceptibility
Adaptation
STATE FAILURE AS
A RISK FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
HEALTH AND
HEALTHCARE
URBANIZATION
FOOD
INSECURITY

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