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Introduction To Quantitative Research

The document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It discusses four cases that could be categorized as qualitative research and asks to classify each case and provide justification. The cases include testing a new drug, exploring public attitudes towards online teaching, implementing a new teaching model, and perceptions of inclusive school settings. It then discusses key aspects of qualitative research, including worldviews, ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods. Worldviews are framed as positivism, constructivism, advocacy/participatory, and pragmatism. Ontology deals with what exists while epistemology concerns what and how we can know. Methodology is the philosophy of research, and methods are specific data collection and analysis techniques. An onion metaphor is

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9 views

Introduction To Quantitative Research

The document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It discusses four cases that could be categorized as qualitative research and asks to classify each case and provide justification. The cases include testing a new drug, exploring public attitudes towards online teaching, implementing a new teaching model, and perceptions of inclusive school settings. It then discusses key aspects of qualitative research, including worldviews, ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods. Worldviews are framed as positivism, constructivism, advocacy/participatory, and pragmatism. Ontology deals with what exists while epistemology concerns what and how we can know. Methodology is the philosophy of research, and methods are specific data collection and analysis techniques. An onion metaphor is

Uploaded by

253083782
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
YOU ARE RESEARCHERS…
Based on the type of data required, categorize the following research
cases, provide justification for your categorization

Case 1: A pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug for the recent
variant of Covid-19. They company wants to test the effectiveness of the drug
on a population

Case 2: You would like to explore the attitude of the public and the private
school teachers towards online teaching in the current pandemic situation.
YOU ARE RESEARCHERS…
Based of type of data is required, categorize the following research cases,
provide justification for your categorization

Case 3: A professor has developed a new teaching model and now would like
to implement in primary schools to find its impact on students’ learning.

Case 4: A professor would like to find perception of school teachers about


inclusive settings in schools
Category 1 Category 2
DECISION OF CATEGORIES
BASED ON THE NATURE OF
TRUTH OR REALITY
 Truth exists and can be discovered by objective
measures

 Truth evolves and changes


• Reality is context bound
• If reality is context bound it cannot be generalized, it
can only be transferred to other similar context
NEECHAY TO DEKHO…
TITANIC SANK [ONE WORD ON
REASONS?]
ICEBERG AS A METAPHOR FOR
RESEARCH
COMMON UNDERSTANDING

Methodology
Method

Logic &
Assumption
s
LET US DIG IT FURTHER
Method

Methodology

Epistemology

Paradigm
Ontology

uung
s c ha
e l tan
W
WELTANSCHAUUNG
The German word Weltanschauung
literally means "world view"; it
combines Welt ("world") with
Anschauung ("view")
WELTANSCHAUUNG

Worldview
 Position from where you speak
 Paradigm
 A broader or comprehensive view
point of life
WELTANSCHAUUNG

This provides philosophical world


view even though philosophical ideas
remain largely hidden in research

A basic set of ideas that guide actions


READING ON FOUR
WORLDVIEWS FOLLOWED BY
REPONSES [ATTACHED]
FOUR WELTANSCHAUUNG

Four Worldviews
1. Positivism 2. Constructivism

• Determination • Understanding
• Reductionism • Multiple participant meaning
• Empirical Observation and • Social and historical
measurement construction
• Theory Validation • Theory generation
FOUR WELTANSCHAUUNG
Four Worldviews
3. Advocacy/Participatory 4. Pragmatism

• Political • Consequences of actions


• Empowerment issue-oriented • Problem-centered
• Collaborative • Pluralistic
• Change-oriented • Real world practice oriented
DECIDING ON WELTANSCHAUUNG

 Let us decide weltanschauung for the


four cases discussed earlier [Consider only quantitative
studies]

 Provide justification
TWO MAIN COMPONENTS OF
WELTANSCHAUUNG
1. Epistemology

2. Ontology
ONTOLOGY
 Ontology deals with what kinds of things exist.

 Our ontology (or inventory) of the


world might include:

 Physical objects, minds, events, properties,


values, and abstract entities such as numbers
and sets.
EPISTEMOLOGY
Epistemology deals with what we can know and how we can know
it (the means and conditions for knowledge), including how we can
know what exists.

Epistemology might claim that some or all of these are means to


knowledge: perception, sensation, intuition, reason (deduction,
induction, abduction) — even faith as some religious believers claim.

Epistemology might also attempt to define what it is to know: e.g. to


improve on the traditional view of knowledge as "justified true belief".
LET US PUT THEM TOGETHER
TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY
ARE INTERCONNECTED
Paradigm Ontology Epistemology Methodology Method
Out of various Belief about reality What relationship the Philosophy of how Data gathering,
philosophical researcher has with the knowledge should be analyzing and
approaches, two research gathered in a systematic interpreting techniques
are the most way
common

Realism  Truth exists and can be Outsider’s view Deductive approach: Qualitative techniques
discovered by objective [Staying away, The theory The
measures outsider’s view]: hypotheses Data
Objective way to gather gathering and analysis
data
Relativism  Truth evolves and Insider’s view: Inductive approach: Qualitative
changes Meaning is created Data gathering techniques
• Reality is context bound by experiences so dig Looking for patterns
• If reality is context deep and talk to Tentative
bound it cannot be people and hypotheses [Not
generalized, it can only understand the labeled as
be transferred to other context. hypotheses] The
similar context theory [General
conclusions]
METHOD
Data Collection, Analysis and Evaluation Techniques
 Questionnaires and Surveys.
 Observations.
 Focus Groups.
 Documents and Records.
 Interviews.
 Coding
 Discourse Analysis
 Exploratory Factor Analysis
 T-Test
 ANOVA
 Interpretation
 Inferences
USING ONION METAPHOR FOR
PUTTING ALL ELEMENTS
TOGETHER
ONION METAPHOR: MOVING
FROM PERIPHERY TO THE
CORE
ONION METAPHOR
THANKS

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