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1.3 Input Output

I/O modules provide an interface between a computer's system bus and external input/output devices, as they allow for differences in data formats, speeds, and control protocols between devices and the CPU. An I/O module contains logic that coordinates data transfers and communication between peripherals like keyboards, printers, and storage drives, and the central processing unit via the system bus. I/O buses connect I/O modules to the CPU and include address, data, and control lines to selectively communicate with different peripheral devices attached to the modules.

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24 views

1.3 Input Output

I/O modules provide an interface between a computer's system bus and external input/output devices, as they allow for differences in data formats, speeds, and control protocols between devices and the CPU. An I/O module contains logic that coordinates data transfers and communication between peripherals like keyboards, printers, and storage drives, and the central processing unit via the system bus. I/O buses connect I/O modules to the CPU and include address, data, and control lines to selectively communicate with different peripheral devices attached to the modules.

Uploaded by

00.wonderer.00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.3 INPUT/OUTPUT IN
COMPUTER SYSTEM
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1. Define I/O
2. Picture the I/O module diagram
3. List I/O devices
4. Describe the I/O bus and interface modules
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1.3.1 Define I/O module


• In addition to the processor and a set of memory modules,
the third key element of a computer system is a set of I/O
modules.

• Each module interface to the system bus or central switch


an controls one or more peripheral devices.

• An I/O modules is not simply a set of mechanical


connectors that wire a device into system bus.

• Rather, the I/O module contains logic for performing a


communication function between the peripheral and the bus.
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1.3.1 Define I/O module


Why does not connect peripherals directly to the system bus?
• There are wide variety of peripherals with various methods of operation. It would
be imparactical to incorporate the necesary logic within the processor to control
a range of devices.

• The data transfer rate of peripherals is often much slower than that of the
memory or processor. Thus, it is impractical to use the high-speed system bus to
communicate directly with a peripheral.

• The data transfer rate of some peripherals is faster that that of the memory or
processor. Again, the mismatch would lead to inefficiencies if not managed
properly.

• Peripherals often use differant data formats and word lengths that the computer
to which the are attached.

• Thus, the I/O module is required.


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1.3.1 Define I/O module


I/O module has two major functions:
• Interface to CPU and Memory via system bus or central switch
• Interface to one or more peripherals devices by data links.

Generic Model of I/O Module


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Interface
i/o module
System Bus

CPU Memory I/O Module ……… I/O Module

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Data transfer from or to I/O Device Device


-get / put data
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1.3.1 Define I/O module????


• I/O MODULE
• The input/output subsystem of a computer that,
provides an efficient mode of communication between
the central system and the outside environment.
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1.3.2 I/O MODULE BLOCK DIAGRAM


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• This module connect to the rest of


the computer via a set of signal
line.
• Data transferred to and from the
module are buffered in one or more
data registers.
• There may be also be one or more
status register that provide current
status information.
• A status register also function as
control register (to accept detailed
control information from the
processor).
• The logic interact with processor
via a set of control lines. The
processor uses the control line to
issue commands to the I/O module.
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1.3.2 I/O MODULE DIAGRAM


Function of I/O modules

1) Control and Timing. – the i/o module must be able to co-


ordinate the flow of data between the internal recourses ( such as
processor, memory) and external devices

2) CPU Communicating.- involve in following task:

• exchange of data between processor and i/o module.


• Command decoding- i/o module accepts command sent from processor
• Status reporting- the devices must able to report its status to processor
• Address recognition- each i/o devices has unique address and i/o
module must recognize this address
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• 3) Device Communication. – the i/o module must be


able to perform device communication such as reporting

• 4) Data Buffering. – this is needed as there is a speed


mismatch between speed of data transfer between
processor and memory and external devices.

• 5) Error Detection. – the i/o module must be able to


detect error and report them to the processor. These error
may be mechanical error ( such as paper jam in a printer)
or changes in the bits pattern of transmitted data.
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1.3.3 List the I/O devices


• Human readable communicating with the computer user
• Printer, keyboard, video display terminals (VDTs)
• Machine readable communicating with equipment
• Magnetic disk, tape systems, sensors.
• Communication communicating with remote device
• Terminal, machine readable device or even another computer
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1.3.3 List the I/O devices


Input Output
Graphics Tablets Monitor (LED, LCD, CRT etc)
Video Capture Hardware Printers (all types)
Trackballs Plotters
Barcode reader Projector
Digital camera LCD Projection Panels
Gamepad Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
Joystick Speaker(s)
Keyboard Head Phone
Microphone Visual Display Unit
MIDI keyboard Film Recorder
Mouse (pointing device) Microfiche
Scanner
Webcam
Touchpads
Pen Input
Microphone
Electronic Whiteboard
OMR
OCR
Punch card reader
MICR (Magnetic Ink character reader)
Magnetic Tape Drive
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Both Input & Output devices


• Touch Screen ( for display and input data)
• Headsets (Headset consists of Speakers and
Microphone.
 Speaker act Output Device and Microphone act as input device)
• Facsimile (FAX) (It has scanner to scan the document
and also have printer to Print the document)
• Digital Cameras
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1.3.4 Describe the I/O bus and interface


modules
• A typical communication link between processor and several peripheral is
show in the figure below.
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1.3.4 Describe the I/O bus and interface


modules

• The I/O bus consists of data lines, address lines, and


control lines.

• The I/O bus from the processor is attached to all peripheral


interfaces.

• To communicate with a particular device, the processor


place a device address to the address line.

• Each Interface attached to the I/O bus contains an address


decoder that monitors the address line.
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• Input/Output Interface provides a method for transferring


information between internal storage and external I/O
devices.

• Peripheral connected to a computer need special


communication link for interfacing them with the central
processing unit.
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Why I/O modules is needed between system bus and I/O devices?

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