Venn

Diagram
Lesson 2
Quarter 1
 1. Illustrate and describe
the union of two sets
and the difference of
OBJECTIVE
two sets.
S:
2. Solve problems
involving sets with the
use of Venn Diagram.
2
 Venn diagram were invented by
John Venn, English logician and
philosopher (born August 4, 1834 –died
April 4, 1923).
Venn diagram is a way of picturing
relationship between different groups of
things. It is a diagram that uses circles to
represent sets visually. The relation
between the sets is indicated by the
arrangement of circles. 3
Union of Sets
 Union of Sets
To explain union of sets, we will be using the given below:
A = { a, e, i, o, u }
B = { l, o, v, e }
U A B
A = { a, e, i, o, u }
B = { l, o, v, e } a e
l v
A U B= {a,e,i,o,u,l,v}
i o
u
Therefore, we can say that they are joint sets. Since the sets are
joint sets, therefore the circles in our Venn Diagram are overlapping. 5
Difference of Sets
 Difference of Sets
To solve for the difference of two sets using the same
given A = { a, e, i, o, u } and B = { l, o, v, e }.
A – B consists of elements that are in A but not in B.
B – A consists of elements that are in B but not in A.
A = { a, e, i, o, u }
B = { l, o, v, e }

A – B = {a,i,u}

Difference of two sets A and B

B – A= {l, v} is the set of elements which are
present in A but not in B. It is
denoted as A – B, and v.v.
7
Complement of Sets
 The idea of Complement of a Set can easily be understood
using the Venn Diagram.
Complement of a Set is the set of all elements that are in
the universal set but are not in the set being considered. It is
denoted as A’ or Ac and is read as “A complement “.

Ac = {l, v} Bc = {a, i, u}

Ac means all the Bc means all the

elements that are not elements that are not
included in Set A. included in Set B. 9
 The idea of Complement of a Set can easily be understood
using the Venn Diagram.
Complement of a Set is the set of all elements that are in
the universal set but are not in the set being considered. It is
denoted as A’ or Ac and is read as “A complement “.

Ac U Bc = { } Ac’∩ Bc = {a, i, u, l, v}

A’ ∪ B’ means all the A’ ∩ B’ means all the

elements that are not elements that are not
included in the union of included in the intersection 10
Sets A and B. of Sets A and B.
Solving Problems on
Sets Using Venn
Diagrams
Lesson 2
 (two circles)

Problems
Involving Sets
(The Start Inside
Out Technique)

12
Use Venn diagram to represent the following sets.
Set U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Set B = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
U 1 3
Steps:
1. Find the common elements in
each set, then place it on the
A B
intersection. 2 6 5
2. Find the common elements on 7
set A and Universal set. 4 8
3. Find the common elements on 10 9
set B and Universal set.
4. All the remaining elements on
the universal set are place
outside the circles. Set U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 }
Set A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }
Set B = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
 There are many simple real-life problems that could be solved applying the
concepts of Venn diagram, but this is impossible if you don’t have the idea about the
set-up of this diagram. Let us explore further how this diagram could solve the many
real-life problems. Consider the situation below.

EXAMPLE 1:
A class of 25 students were surveyed and asked if they have
a brother or a sister. Eight students said they have only a
brother, 6 students said they have only a sister, another six said
they have both a brother and a sister and 5 said they don’t
have a brother or a sister. 14
 A class of 25 students were surveyed and asked if they have a
brother or a sister. Eight students said they have only a brother,
6 students said they have only a sister, another six said they have both
a brother and a sister and 5 said they don’t have a brother or a sister.

= 25 - (8 + 6 + 6) U Brother Sister
= 25 - 20
=
5 8 6 6
5
 Out of fifty students, 23 joined Mathematics club and 32 joined English
club. If 8 joined in both Mathematics and English club, how many have joined
the English club only? How about in Mathematics club only? How many are
neither in Mathematics nor in English club?

Arrange the given data this way

Out of fifty students
23 joined Mathematics club
32 joined English club
8 joined in both Math and English club

a) How many have joined the English club only?

b) How many have joined the Math club only?
c) How many are neither in Math nor English club?
 Out of fifty students, 23 joined Mathematics club and 32 joined English
club. If 8 joined in both Mathematics and English club, how many have joined
the English club only? How about in Mathematics club only? How many are
neither in Mathematics nor in English club?

 “Start inside out” (start filling the sets from the inside out)

U Math club English club  joined Mathematics club

Joined Math clu

23 - 8 = 15 ONLY

15 8 24  joined English club

8 24 Joined English

32 - = club ONLY
How many are neither in Mathematics nor in English club?

3 50 - (15 +8 + 24 ) 17

50 47 = 3
 Out of fifty students, 23 joined Mathematics club and 32 joined English
club. If 8 joined in both Mathematics and English club, how many have joined
the English club only? How about in Mathematics club only? How many are
neither in Mathematics nor in English club?

Arrange the given data this way

Out of fifty students
23 joined Mathematics club
32 joined English club
8 joined in both Math and English club

a) How many have joined the English club only? 24

b) How many have joined the Math club only? 15
c) How many are neither in Math nor English club? 3
 A teacher was collecting data on her 65 students and found out
that 43 have cable TV at home, 31 have internet connectivity and 18
have both. Illustrate in a Venn diagram and answer the questions that
follow.

a) How many students do not have cable TV at home?

b) How many have neither cable TV nor internet connectivity at
home?
c) How many have cable TV but no internet connectivity?
 A teacher was collecting data on her 65 students and found out that 43 have cable TV
at home, 31 have internet connectivity and 18 have both. Illustrate in a Venn diagram and
answer the questions that follow.

Arrange the given data this way

Collecting data on 65 students
43 have cable TV
31 have internet connectivity
18 have both

a) How many students do not have cable TV at home?

b) How many have neither cable TV nor internet connectivity at home?
c) How many have cable TV but no internet connectivity?
 A teacher was collecting data on her 65 students and found out that 43 have cable TV
at home, 31 have internet connectivity and 18 have both. Illustrate in a Venn diagram and
answer the questions that follow.

Data:

U43 —18 = TV Internet Collecting data on 65 students

43 have cable TV
31 —18 = 31 have internet connectivity
18 have both

18 U = 65 —(25 + 18 + 13)
25 13 = 65 —56
= 9
9
a) How many students do not have cable TV at home? (Internet – TV) 13
b) How many have neither cable TV nor internet connectivity at home? (TV)c U (Internet)c 9
c) How many have cable TV but no internet connectivity? (TV - Internet) 25