Permutation & Combination

Introduction
Pen Pencil

A 1

B 2

C 3

Pen or Pencil Pen and Pencil

3 X 5
3 + 5
 10 Students

10 X 9 X 8 X 7 = 5040
Concept
n=26, r=3
How many different 3 letter words we can
frame by using letters from A to Z without
repeating the letters?

# # # 26!
( 26 X 25 X 24 X 23 X❑
. . . . .. X 1)
23 !
(26-3)!
Concept
6
A B C
Permt Comb
AB AB
BC BC
CA CA 3 X2
BA
CB
AC
Concept
n=26, r=3
How many different 3 letter words we can
frame by using letters from A to Z without
repeating the letters?

# # # 26!
( 26 X 25 X 24 X 23 X❑
. . . . .. X 1)
23 !
(26-3)!
Concept
6
A B C
Permt Comb
AB AB
𝑛
❑ 𝑃𝑟
BC BC 3
3❑
𝑛
❑ 𝑐𝑟 = CA CA X2
𝑟!
BA
CB 𝟐!
AC
Example
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0 to 7
without repetition of digits?
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 – So, we have 8 numbers

# # # #

7 X 7 X 6 X 5
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0 to 7 with
repetition of digits?
# # # #

7 X8 X 8 X 8
Example
Example
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0 to 7
without repetition of digits which are divisible by 5?

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 – So, we have 8 numbers

# # # 0 # # # 5

7 X 6 X 5 X 1 + 6 X 6 X 5 X 1
Example
How many three digit numbers are formed where at least two of the
three digits are same.

# # # # # #

9 X 10 = 90 9 X 10 = 90
# # # Triplets will be repeated in all the 3 counting

= 270 _ 18
9 X 10 = 90 = 252
Example
How many three digit numbers are formed where at least two of the
three digits are same.

# # * # * #

9 X 9 = 81 9X 9 = 81
* # # 9 Triplets are there (Like 111,222,…,999)

= 243 + 9
9 X 9 = 81 = 252
Example
How many three digit numbers abc are formed where at least two of
the three digits are same.
Numbers without repeating
Total 3 digit numbers

# # # # # #

9 X 10 X 10 _ 9 X 9 X 8
= 900 - 648
= 252
Example
How many 4 digit numbers contain number 2.

4 digit numbers without 2

Total 4 digit numbers
(i.e) by using 0,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

# # # # # # # #

9 X 10 X 10 X 10 _ 8 X 9 X 9 X 9
= 9000 - 5832
= 3168
How many different four letter words can be formed (the words need
not be meaningful) using the letters of the word "MEDITERRANEAN"
such that the first letter is E and the last letter is R?

E __ __ R MDITERANEAN

1. Different letters = 8  8 X 7 = 56

2. Same letters = EE, AA, NN  3

 59 Words
Example

In how many ways can you arrange the letters of “MISSISSIPPI”?

12 34
MISSISSIPPI
21 34 11!
__________
MISSISSIPPI 4! X 4! X 2!

34 12
MISSISSIPPI
43 21
MISSISSIPPI
Example

In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word “ANSWER”
such that the vowels are always together?

6!
But,

AENSWR AE – 1 letter
NAESWR NSWR – 4 letters = 5! X 2!
NSAEWR So, totally – 5 letters
NSWAER = 240
NSWRAE And this A & E can be
arranged in 2! ways
Example

In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word
“CONSONENTS” such that the vowels are always together?
Example

Choose the correct option In how many ways can the letters of the word
PSYCHOLOGY be rearranged so that the two O’s do not appear together?

Answer: (10!/2!X2!) - (9!X/2!)

= 5* 9!/2! - 9!/2!
= 4 * 9!/2!
=2*9!
= 7,25,760
Example

How many different ways 5 students can sit in 5 different chairs

available
A B C D E – So, we have 5 STUDENTS

# # # # #

5 X 4 X 3 X 2X 1
But
 Example A B C D E – So, we have 5 STUDENTS

A B C D E
E A B C D
D E A B C
C D E A B
B C D E A

A B E A D E C D B C

E C D B C A B E A D

D C B A E

5!
_____ (n-1)!
= 4!
5
Example

The number of ways in which 8 different flowers can be strung to

form a garland so that 4 particular flowers are never separated are ?
Example

In how many different ways 6 questions with 5 options each can be

answered ?

5 X 5 X 5 X 5 X 5 X 5 = 5^6
Example
In how many ways can 4 students travel to Hyderabad if
there are 6 different cars available and with the
restriction that a maximum of 3 students can travel on a
single car?
(6x6x6x6)-6
A company has 10 software engineers and 6 civil engineers. In how many ways can they
be seated around a round table so that no two civil engineers will sit together?
9! x 10!/4! 15! 16! 10! x 11!/5!

The 10 software engineers can be arranged in (10-1)! Ways = 9! Ways

Now the civil engineers should be seated in between them like this

So that civil engineers wont sit together.

And this can be done in 10P6 ways

So, 9! X 10P6

9! X 10!/4!
Example

In how many ways can 4 boys and 4 girls can be seated

around a table so that no 2 girls are in adjacent positions?
Ans: 3! X 4!

In how many ways can 4 students travel home if there are

6 different cars available and with the restriction that a
maximum of 3 students can travel on a single car?
Ans: ( 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 ) - 6

In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word
“SECTION” such that no two vowels are together?
Ans: 4! X 5 X 4 X 3
Example
In how many ways it is possible to choose a white square and black
square on a chess board so that the squares must not lie on the same
row or column.

8 x 8 = 64 squares
So, 32 white and 32 black

Out of that picking a white square

= 32 possibilities

Then the black for every white

4 blacks will be in its row and
4 blacks in it’s column that can’t be
Touched remaining black is

= 32 x 24
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”KUMAR” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order LIKE in dictionary?

KUMAR = A K M R U = 5!
2 5 3 1 4
K U M A R
A __ __ __ __ = 4! = 24
1 3 1 0 0
K A __ __ __ = 3! = 6
X X X X X
K M __ __ __ = 3! = 6
4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
K R __ __ __ = 3! = 6
K U A __ __ = 2! = 2
24+18+2+0+0 = 44
K U M A R =1 = 1
+1
= 45TH RANK
= 45
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”SWAIN” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

SWAIN = A I N S W = 5! = 120
5 3 4 2 1
(I N) A __ __ __ __ = 4! X 3 WO R L D
S A __ __ __ = 3! X 3 4 2 2 1 0
S W A I N =1 X X X X X
= 91 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
4 5 1 2 3
S W A I N 96+12+4+1+0= 113
3 3 0 0 0 +1
X X X X X = 114
4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
72+18+0+0+0= 90 + 1 = 91ST WORD
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”VIJAY” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

VIJAY = A I J V Y = 5! = 120

A __ __ __ __ = 4! = 24 X 3
V A __ __ __ = 3! = 6
V I A __ __ = 2! = 2
V I J A Y = 1 =1
= 81ST
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”SMITH” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

SMITH
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”PARIS” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

PARIS AIPRS
A _ _ _ _ = 4 X 3 X 2 X 1 = 24
I _ _ _ _ = 4 X 3 X 2 X 1 = 24
P A I R S =1 =1 = 49th
P A I S R =1 =1 = 50th
P A R I S =1 =1 = 51th
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”WHAT” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

WHAT = A H T W = 4!

A __ __ __ = 3! = 6
H __ __ __ = 3! = 6
T __ __ __ = 3! = 6
W A __ __ = 2! = 2
W H A T =1 =1
= 21ST
Example
Which word will take the 64TH position when the letters of the word
”VIJAY” is arranged in alphabetical order in dictionary?

VIJAY = A I J V Y = 5! = 120

A _ _ _ _ = 4! = 24
I _ _ _ _ = 4! = 24
J A _ _ _ = 3! = 6
J I _ _ _ = 3! = 6
J V A _ _ = 2! = 2
J V I AY = 1 =1
J V I Y A =1=1
= 64TH
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”DALAL” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

DALAL = A A D L L = 5!/2!X2! = 30

A __ __ __ __ = 4!/2! = 12
D A A __ __ = 2!/2! = 1
D A L A L = 1 = 1
= 14TH
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”NIKKI” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

NIKKI = I I K K N = 5!/2!X2! = 30

I __ __ __ __ = 4!/2! = 12
K __ __ __ __ = 4!/2! = 12
N I I __ __ = 2!/2! = 1
N I K I __ = 1! = 1
N I K K I =1 = 1  27TH
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”MADAM” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

MADAM = AADMM = 5!/2!X2! = 30

A __ __ __ __ = 4!/2! = 12
D __ __ __ __ = 4!/2!X2! = 6
M A A __ __ = 2! =2
M A D A M = 1 = 1
= 21st Rank
Example
What will be the rank of the word ”PARIS” if it is arranged in
alphabetical order in dictionary?

PARIS AIPRS
A _ _ _ _ = 4 X 3 X 2 X 1 = 24
I _ _ _ _ = 4 X 3 X 2 X 1 = 24
P A I R S =1 =1 = 49th
P A I S R =1 =1 = 50th
P A R I S =1 =1 = 51th
Example
10 teams participate in a tournament. Every team plays every other
team exactly once. What is the number of matches played?

9
8
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6
5
4
3
(+) 2
This is what is combination 1
45
= 45
10
❑ 𝑐2
Example

Seven points lie on a circle. How many chords can be drawn by

joining these points?

# #

7 X 6
= 21
2!
Example
In an Octagon how many different lines can be drawn by connecting
the corners ?

# #

8 X 7
= 28
2!
= 28 - 8
= 20
Example
In an Octagon how many different Triangles can be drawn by
connecting the corners which will not share the sides with the
octagon?
 Example
In how many ways can you form a team of 3 girls and 3
boys from 6 girls and 5 boys?

6
❑ 𝑐 ❑ 𝑐3 3X
5 𝑛
❑ 𝑐𝑟 =
𝑛!
( 𝑛 −𝑟 ) ! 𝑋 𝑟 !

6X5X4 5X4X3
________ X ________
3X2X1 3X2X1

= 20 X 10

= 200
= 20 X 10
= 200
Example
In how many ways can you form a team of 6 students
with at least 3 girls from 6 girls and 5 boys?

x )
Girls Boys
+(x )
3 & 3 or
+ x
4 & 2 or
+ x
5 & 1 or
6 & 0 = 381