ENGLISH

2023
B1+
 01
UNIT
1-
2-
 Subject and object questions
Object questions: you know who does the action=Doer. You’re
asking for more information.

Question word + auxiliary + subject + verb + the rest

Examples:
-What are you doing here? -Where did your cousin go?
-Can help you? -How many people do you know?
Subject questions: if you don’t know who did something, you are
asking a subject question. You are trying to know: 1) who did the
action or 2) something about the subject of the verb. We don’t use
auxiliaries.

Question word + verb + the rest (statement order)

-How many people are coming to the meeting? -What happened
last week? -Who is your cousin? -What’s your favourite book?

Page: 4, activity 1A and 1B

Extreme adjectives
Exhausted = very tired Enormous = very big

Filthy = very dirty It was brilliant = it was very good.

It was boiling = it was very hot Awful = very bad

It was freezing = it was very cold

Furious = very angry

Page: 5, activity 2A 2B
 Present simple and present continuous
Present simple:
TO-BE
+: Subject + verb to be + predicate.
-: Subject + verb to be + not + predicate.
?: Verb to be + subject + predicate?
VERBS
+: Subject + verb + object.
-: Subject + don’t/doesn't + verb + object.
?: Do/Does + subject + verb + object?
We use it to talk about facts which are true all the time. ( Water
boils when it reaches 100 degrees.)
We use it to talk about habits and routines.(I always get up at 7
am. ; My sister usually drives to work.)
We use it to talk about opinions and beliefs. ( I don’t know if I
agree with you.)

Page: 5, activity 1A and 1B.

 Types of pronouns
THAT is a flower:

Personal pronouns:

I/me, she/her, he/him, they/them, It’s singular and is a far object.

we/us and you.
THESE are flowers:
Demonstrative pronouns:

This, that, these and those.

It’s plural and they are a close object.
THIS is a flower:
THOSE are flowers:
.

It’s singular and is a close object. It’s plural and they are a far object.
Relative pronouns: Reflexive pronouns:

That, what, wish, who and whom. Myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, oneself, ourselves,
Who v.s Whom: Who is a subject yourselves and themselves.
pronoun. It’s in the same category
as I, he, she, they, and we. Whom is Possessive pronouns:
an object pronoun, which puts it in
the same category as me, him, her, My/mine, your/yours, our/ours,
them, and us. his/his, her/hers, their/theirs,
its/its.
Indefinite pronouns:
Interrogative pronouns:
One, other, none, some, anybody,
everybody, and no one. Who, what, which, whose.
Reciprocal pronouns:

Each other, one another.

Distributive pronouns:

Either (cualquiera), each (cada),

neither (ninguno), any (cualquiera),
none (ninguno).
 Referring pronouns
Example: -The mother called the
Pronouns are words that stand in
for a noun in a sentence. Whenever daughter. -The mother called
pronouns are used, it should be her.
unmistakably clear which noun the
pronoun is standing in for.
Her is a pronoun representing

A pronoun is like an actor’s double the daughter in a simple

construction that causes no
on a movie set: it is a simplified
confusion.
version of the noun it is standing in

for.
 02
UNIT
1-
2-
 Present perfect simple and past
simple
Present perfect simple:
+:have / has + past participle
-:haven’t / hasn’t + past participle
?:(wh) + have + has + subject + past participle
We use it to talk about unfinished states (I’ve lived in Rome
since 1987.)
We use it talk about experiences in our lifetime, unfinished
time period. (I’ve never been to Rome. ; She has been to
Rome many times.)
We use it to talk about recent events with results in the
present. (I’ve lost my keys!; result: you can’t enter your house)
Past simple:
TO-BE:
+: Subject + was/were + predicate.
-: Subject was not/were not + predicate.
?: Was/Were + subject + predicate?

VERBS:
+: Subject + verb (second column) + predicate.
-: Subject + did not + verb (infinitive) + predicate.
?: Did + subject + verb (infinitive) + predicate?

We use it to talk about completed past actions in a completed

time period that is usually known. (went to Rome in 2010. ; She
lost her keys yesterday).
Page: 10, activity 1A 1B
 Work vocabulary
Interview = Entrevista
She applied for a job = Ella solicitó I am good at problem-solving = Soy
un trabajo. buena en solucionar problemas
Conferences = Conferencias
Career = Carrera (hablando de
She’s in charge of = Ella está a trabajo/universidad)
cargo de
Grades/Marks = Notas
Employer = Empleador/a
CV = Currículum
Employe = Empleado/a
Experience = Experiencia
Employees = Empleados/as
 Present perfect simple and present
perfect continuous
Present perfect simple:

We use it for state verbs (status and possession, perception

and sense, thought and opinion, taste and preferences)
Example: -I’ve owned this house since 2013. -She has known
him for years.

We use it to talk about completed actions with a result now. (I

can watch TV now; I’ve finished my homework!)
Present perfect continuous:
+: have / has + been + ing
-: haven’t / hasn’t + been + ing
?: (wh) + have / has + subject + been + ing
We use it with action verbs (express an action, either physical
or mental, rather than a state)
Examples: -I’ve been reading this book for 2 hours. -She has
been cooking since 11 am.
We use it while talking about doing an activity has a result
now. Example: -I’m so tired, I’ve been doing exercise all morning
(you continue doing exercise, the action is not complete)
We use it to talk about repeated activities which started
recently.
Example: -She has been cooking a lot lately (in the past she
didn’t used to cook)

Page: 11, activity 1A 1B

Technology vocabulary App = aplicación.

Share = compartir.
Download = descargar/instalar.
Delete = eliminar.
Upload= subir/publicar.
Press/click = apretar/hacer click.
Password = contraseña.
Type = escribir (en un aparato
Browser = navegador.
electrónico).
Turning on/off = prender/apagar.
Username = nombre de usuario.
Icon = Icono.
Post = publicación.
 Opening paragraph: we react
Informal email structure to the other person’s news
and ask them how they are
feeling and whatever else you
The first thing you need
feel is appropriate. (It’s great
to know is the different
hearing from you. ; I’m excited
parts of an email, and
about … ; I’m glad to hear your
these are:
news.)

Greetings: we greet the

Main paragraph 1: in this
other person ( Hi/ Hello/
paragraph we deal with the
Dear John, )
first important point, which we
can identify in the
instructions.
Main paragraph 2: if there is a Goodbye: we use a short
different point to deal with, this expression to say goodbye.
paragraph will do so. (We might (Best wishes, ; All love,. ; See you
have more main paragraphs, soon ; Take care,)
depending on the task.)

Signature: we sign the email

Closing paragraph: in this with our name. (Fernanda.)
paragraph we «start» to say
goodbye by wishing the other
person well and asking them to Tips: We normally don't write
reply to your email. (Well, it’s time to “From:” ; “To:” or the subject.
say goodbye. ; I’m looking forward https://kseacademy.com/cambr
to hear from you. ; Let me know if idge/b1-preliminary-pet/writing/
you have questions.) email-english/
 03
UNIT
1-
2-
 Narrative tenses
Narrative tenses are verb tenses that are used to talk about the
past. You can often find them in stories, textbooks, spoken
accounts and in descriptions of past events.

Past simple: we use it for main events in the story in the order
they happened. (We left for the airport on an exceptionally sunny
day.)
Past continuous: we use it for: 1) description of background and
setting and the beginning of the story 2) actions interrupted by
the past simple 3) long actions. (The sun was shining and it was
really hot by midday.)
Past perfect: we use it for events that happened before the main
events in the story. (It had been sunny on and off for the
previous fortnight.)

Past perfect continuous: we use it to show that an action that

started in the past continued up until another time in the past
(We had been waiting at the airport for what seemed like an
eternity.)

Page: 16, activity 1A 1B

Relationship/family vocabulary
Married = casados

Relationship = relación. Divorced = divorciados.

Relative = relativo/a. Niece = sobrina.

Stranger = extraño. Nephew = sobrino.
Support = apoyar.
Childhood = niñez.
Sense of humour = sentido del
humor. Only child = hijo/a unico/a

Keep in touch = mantenerse en Eldest = la/el mayor

contacto.
Middle child = el/la hijo/a del medio. Siblings = hermanos.

Generations = generaciones. Godfather = padrino.

Uncle = tio. Godmother = madrina.

Aunt = tia.
Mother/father in law: suegra/o.
Daughter = hija.
Twins = gemelos/as y mellizos/as.
Son = hijo.
New born = recién nacido/a.
Brother = hermano.

Sister = hermano.
 Habits
1- USED TO + INFINITIVE
We use it to talk about past habits and states. Things that we
did more than once in the past.
-When I was a child, I used to play with dolls and teddy bears.
= you don’t do it anymore. -My friends didn’t use to play /
never used to play football before they met me. = they didn’t
play but now they do
2- WOULD + INFINITIVE
We use it to talk about past habits. We DON’T talk about past
states.
--When I was a child I would play with dolls and teddy bears.
3- ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY + PRESENT TENSE
We use it to talk about present habits or routines.
-I usually go to the supermarket twice a week.
4- ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY + PAST SIMPLE + PAST TIME
PHRASE

We use it to talk about repeated or regular actions that are

finished in the past.

-I went to the beach quite often when I was a little boy.

5- NOT ANY MORE / NOT ANY LONGER.

We use it to talk about the end of an action or state.
I don’t play hockey anymore.
6- STILL
We use it to talk about past habit that hasn’t changed.
I still play football every Sunday. = you never stopped playing
football on Sundays.
BE USED TO + ING: means that you are familiar with
something or accustomed to something. -I’m used to doing
homework. -I’m not used to waking up early in the morning
GET USED TO + ING: talks about the process of becoming
accustomed to something. -I’m getting used to waking up
early in the morning.
Page: 17, activity 1A 1B
 04
UNIT
1-
2-
 Abilities
You can use “good at” or “bad at” to talk about your abilities
and skills
For example, to talk about school subjects: “He’s good at
French.” ; “He’s bad at Physics.”

You can also use “no good at”: “I’m no good at …”

Because “at” is a preposition, you need to follow it with a noun

or a gerund (an “ing” form): “I’m bad at Maths.” ; “He’s good at
English.” ; “You’re good at spelling.”

You can also use “any” in negatives and questions: “I’m not
any good at …” ; “Are you any good at …?”
You can use other adjectives in this way: great at, terrible at,
really bad at.

Or you can use the nouns: expert, brilliant, amazing and

determined. (followed by “at”)
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