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Lec 06 CH 4

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the fluid mechanics course ME 3350: Fluid Mechanics I. It discusses Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid flow, flow visualization techniques like streamlines and pathlines, and plots of fluid flow data including profile, vector, and contour plots. It also covers fluid motion properties such as translation, rotation, strain, and vorticity. Finally, it provides an overview of the Reynolds Transport Theorem and how it can be applied to closed systems, open systems, and control volumes.

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Abdullah Raj
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20 views27 pages

Lec 06 CH 4

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the fluid mechanics course ME 3350: Fluid Mechanics I. It discusses Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid flow, flow visualization techniques like streamlines and pathlines, and plots of fluid flow data including profile, vector, and contour plots. It also covers fluid motion properties such as translation, rotation, strain, and vorticity. Finally, it provides an overview of the Reynolds Transport Theorem and how it can be applied to closed systems, open systems, and control volumes.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 3350: Fluid Mechanics I

Kamran Nazir
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National University of Technology

Spring 2022
Chapter 4: Fluid Kinematics

Lagrangian and Eulerian Descriptions


Fundamentals of Flow Visualization
Plots of Fluid Flow Data
Other Kinematic Descriptions
The Reynolds Transport Theorem
Basic Concepts
• Fluid kinematics is the study of how fluids flow and how to describe fluid motion.
• Continuum
• Lagrangian description
• Eulerian description
Acceleration Field
Acceleration Field
Acceleration Field
Material Derivative
Flow Visualization
• Stream Line
A streamline is a curve that is everywhere tangent
to the instantaneous local velocity vector

A streamtube consists of a bundle of streamlines


Flow Visualization
• Path Line
• A pathline is the actual path traveled by an
individual fluid particle over some time period.
Flow Visualization
• Streak Lines
A streakline is the locus of fluid particles that have
passed sequentially through a prescribed point in
the flow.

Streaklines produced by colored fluid introduced


upstream; since the flow is steady, these streaklines are
the same as streamlines and pathlines.
Flow Visualization
• Time Line
A timeline is a set of adjacent fluid particles that
were marked at the same (earlier) instant in time.
Types of Studies in Fluid Mechanics
• Experimental
• Numerical
• Analytical
PLOTS OF FLUID FLOW DATA
• Profile Plots
A profile plot indicates how the value of a scalar
property varies along some desired direction in
the flow field.
PLOTS OF FLUID FLOW DATA
• Vector Plots
A vector plot is an array of arrows indicating the
magnitude and direction of a vector property at
an instant in time.
PLOTS OF FLUID FLOW DATA
• Contour Plots
A contour plot shows curves of constant values of
a scalar property (or magnitude of a vector
property) at an instant in time.
Contour Plots
Types of Motion or Deformation of Fluid
Elements
• Translation
• Rotation
• Linear Strain
• Shear Strain

Rate of translation vector in Cartesian coordinates:


Rate of Rotation (Angular Velocity)
• Rate of rotation (angular velocity) at a point is defined as the average rotation
rate of two initially perpendicular lines that intersect at that point.
• The rate of rotation vector is equal to the angular velocity vector and is
expressed in Cartesian coordinates as
Linear Strain Rate
• Linear strain rate is defined as the rate of increase in length per unit length
Shear Strain Rate
• Shear strain rate at a point is defined as half of
the rate of decrease of the angle between two
initially perpendicular lines that intersect at the
point.

Vorticity and Rotationality


Vorticity and Rotationality
• Vorticity is equal to twice the angular velocity of a fluid particle
• If the vorticity at a point in a flow field is nonzero, the fluid particle that
happens to occupy that point in space is rotating (Rotaional)
The Reynolds Transport Theorem
• Closed System
• Open System
• Control Volume and Control Surface
• What is Reynold Transport Theorem (RTT)
The Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Reynolds Transport Theorem (Extended
Forms)
The Reynolds Transport Theorem (Extended
Forms)
The Reynolds Transport Theorem (Extended
Forms)

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