Direct Proportion

These questions all show two variables in direct proportion.

𝑦 ∝𝑥
When one quantity increases or decreases so does the other.
Proportionality constant
Equation of Proportionality (the multiplying factor)
𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙

A car can travel 30 miles per litre of petrol. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆=𝒌× 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔
How far can the car travel with 5 litres of fuel? 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒=30 ×𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
¿ 30 × 5
miles

A shoe factory produces 120 shoes a day. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒆𝒔=𝒌× 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔

How many shoes are produced in half a day? 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠h𝑜𝑒𝑠=120 × 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
¿ 120 × 0.5
shoes
 To answer proportion questions we must know ,
the multiplying factor between variables.
Proportionality constant
𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 (the multiplying factor)

𝟐𝟎=𝑘 ×𝟒
A sports car can travel 20 miles using 4 litres of petrol.
𝟓=𝑘
How far can the car travel with 11 litres of fuel? 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
𝒚 =5 ×𝟏𝟏
miles

𝟗𝟎=𝑘 ×𝟑
A shoe factory produces 90 shoes in 3 days. 𝟑𝟎=𝑘
How many shoes are produced in 7 days?
𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
How can you find k?
𝒚 =30 ×𝟕
Show with an equation. shoes
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
total feed
days
Over 2 days a herd of cows eat 16 kg of feed.

How much feed does the herd eat over 3 days? ② 𝟏𝟔=𝑘 ×𝟐
𝟖=𝑘
8 kg per day
③ 𝒚 =8 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×3
𝒚 =24 kg
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
total windows
hours
In 3 hours Mike cleans 12 windows.
How many windows can he clean in 5 hours? ② 𝟏𝟐=𝑘× 𝟑
𝟒=𝑘
4 windows per hour
③ 𝒚 =4 𝒙
𝒚 =4 ×5
𝒚 =20 windows
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
total widgets
employees
8 employees can produce 12 widgets in a day.

How many widgets can 10 employees produce in a day? ② 𝟏𝟐=𝑘× 𝟖

𝟏 . 𝟓=𝑘
1.5 widgets per employee
③ 𝒚 =1.5 𝒙
𝒚 =1.5 ×10
𝒚 =15 widgets
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝑻 =𝑘 𝑫

T is directly proportional to D.
② 𝟑𝟎=𝑘 ×𝟓
When D = 5, T = 30
𝟔=𝑘
Find the value of T when D = 7

③ 𝑻 =6 𝑫
𝑻 =6 ×7
𝑻 = 42
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝑷 =𝑘 𝑸

P is directly proportional to Q.
② 𝟒𝟖=𝑘 ×𝟔
When P = 48, Q = 6
𝟖=𝑘
a) Find the value of P when Q = 2

b) Find the value of Q when P = 32

③ 𝑷 =8 𝑸 𝑷 =8 𝑸
𝑷 =8 × 2 32=8 ×𝑸
𝑷 =16 4=𝑸
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to .
= 27 when = 9

Find the value of when = 5

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
27=𝑘 ×9
3=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =3 𝒙
𝒚 =3 ×5
𝒚 =15
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to .
= 32 when = 4

Find the value of when = 10

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4
8=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10
𝒚 =80
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .

= 32 when = 4 = 18 when = 2

Find the value of when = 10 Find the value of when = 7

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4 18=𝑘× 2
8=𝑘 9=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙 𝒚 =9 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10 𝒚 =9 ×7
𝒚 =80 𝒚 =63
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .

= 32 when = 4 = 30 when = 6

Find the value of when = 10 Find the value of when = 20

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4 30=𝑘 ×6
8=𝑘 5=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙 𝒚 =5 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10 𝒚 =5 ×20
𝒚 =80 𝒚 =100
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .

= 32 when = 4 = 15 when = 6

Find the value of when = 10 Find the value of when = 4

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4 15=𝑘× 6
8=𝑘 2.5=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙 𝒚 =2.5 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10 𝒚 =2.5 × 4
𝒚 =80 𝒚 =10
 is directly proportional to . a) When = 7 what does equal?

When = 6, = 24
𝒚 =4 𝒙
𝑦 =4 ×7
𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 𝑦 =28
24=𝑘 ×6
4=𝑘 b) When = 36 what does equal?

𝒚 =4 𝒙 𝒚 =4 𝒙
(÷ 4)
36=4 × 𝑥(÷ 4)
Using our equation of proportionality we 9= 𝑥
need to be able to find or .
c) When = 8 what does equal?
𝒚 =4 𝒙
8= 4 × 𝑥
(÷ 4) (÷ 4)
2= 𝑥
is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .
= 30 when = 5 = 60 when = 5

Find the value of when = 7 Find the value of when = 3

Find the value of when = 0.5

𝒚 =6 𝒙 𝒚 =12 𝒙
When = 3, = 36
When = 7, = 42
1 2 When = 0.5, = 6

is directly proportional to .
3 4 is directly proportional to .
= 15 when = 10 = 6 when = 9

Find the value of when = 12 = 18 Find the value of when = 24 = 16

Find the value of when = 45 = 30 Find the value of when = 7 =
2
𝒚 =1.5 𝒙 𝑮= 𝑩
3
=
 A virus reproduces every day.

On day 1 there are 3 virus cells in a body.

On day 2 there are 12 virus cells in a body.

On day 4 there are 48 virus cells in a body.

Is this a direct proportional relationship between cells and days?

This is a non-linear directly proportional relationship.

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 𝟐 𝒚 =3 𝒙 𝟐
virus cells days
 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦

0 𝑥 0 𝑥 0 𝑥
0 0 0
Linear Direct Proportion 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 2 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 3
𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 𝑦 𝑦

What differences and

similarities are there?

0 𝑥 0 𝑥
0 0
𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙 𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙
3
is directly proportional to
= 36 when = 3

Find the value of when = 5

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 2
36=𝑘 ×3 2
36=𝑘 ×9
4=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =4 𝒙 2
𝒚 =4 ×5 2
𝒚 =4 ×25
𝒚 =100
is directly proportional to is directly proportional to
= 36 when = 3 = 32 when = 4

Find the value of when = 5 Find the value of when = 10

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 2 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 2
36=𝑘 ×3 2 32=𝑘× 4 2
36=𝑘 ×9 32=𝑘× 16
4=𝑘 2=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =4 𝒙 2 𝒚 =2 𝒙 2
𝒚 =4 ×5 2 𝒚 =2 ×10 2
𝒚 =4 ×25 𝒚 =2 ×100
𝒚 =100 𝒚 =200
is directly proportional to
= 40 when = 2

Find the value of when = 3

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 3
40=𝑘× 23
40=𝑘× 8
5=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =5 𝒙 3
𝒚 =5 ×3 3
𝒚 =5 ×27
𝒚 =135
is directly proportional to is directly proportional to
= 40 when = 2 = 4000 when = 10

Find the value of when = 3 Find the value of when = 2

𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 3 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙 3
40=𝑘× 23 4000=𝑘×10 3
40=𝑘× 8 4000=𝑘×1000
5=𝑘 4=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =5 𝒙 3 𝒚 =4 𝒙 3
𝒚 =5 ×3 3 𝒚 =4 ×2 3
𝒚 =5 ×27 𝒚 =4 ×8
𝒚 =135 𝒚 =32
is directly proportional to
= 15 when = 25

Find the value of when = 100

𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙
15=𝑘× √ 25
15=𝑘× 5
3=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =3 √ 𝒙
𝒚 =3 × √ 1 00
𝒚 =3 ×10
𝒚 =30
is directly proportional to is directly proportional to
= 15 when = 25 = 70 when = 49

Find the value of when = 100 Find the value of when = 4

𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙 𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙
15=𝑘× √ 25 7 0=𝑘 × √ 49
15=𝑘× 5 70=𝑘× 7
3=𝑘 10=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =3 √ 𝒙 𝒚 =10 √ 𝒙
𝒚 =3 × √ 1 00 𝒚 =10 × √ 4
𝒚 =3 ×10 𝒚 =10 ×2
𝒚 =30 𝒚 =20
is directly proportional to
= 1 when = 8

Find the value of when = 27

𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙
3

1= 𝑘 × √ 8
3

1= 𝑘 × 2
0.5=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =0.5 √ 𝒙
3

𝒚 =0.5 × √ 27
3

𝒚 =0.5 ×3
𝒚 =30
is directly proportional to is directly proportional to
= 1 when = 8 = 35 when = 125

Find the value of when = 27 Find the value of when = 64

𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙 𝒚 =𝑘 √ 𝒙
3 3

1= 𝑘 × √ 8 35=𝑘 × √ 125
3
3

1= 𝑘 × 2 35=𝑘 ×5
0.5=𝑘 7=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =0.5 √ 𝒙 𝒚 =7 √ 𝒙
3 3

𝒚 =0.5 × √ 27 𝒚 =7 × √ 64
3 3

𝒚 =0.5 ×3 𝒚 =7 × 4
𝒚 =30 𝒚 =28
 is directly proportional to
is directly proportional to cubed
= 100 when = 5
= 32 when = 4
Find the value of when = 3
Find the value of when = 5

𝒚 =4 𝒙 2 𝒚 =0.5 𝒙 3

When = 3, = 36 When = 5, = 62.5

1 2
is directly proportional to 3 4
the square root of
is directly proportional to
= 54 when = 36 = 0.5 when = 125

Find the value of when = 121 Find the value of when = 64

𝒚 =9 √ 𝒙 𝒚 =0.1 √ 𝒙
3

When = 121, = 99 When = 64, = 0.4

 Questions?
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