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PH AP1 Unit 2 Lesson 2

This document provides examples and explanations for applying Newton's laws of motion. It includes 12 examples of using Newton's first law to analyze situations of static equilibrium and Newton's second law to solve for acceleration when forces cause motion. The examples involve situations like a gymnast hanging from a rope, forces on chains suspending an engine, a car on a ramp, hauling granite blocks up a slope, the motion of an iceboat in wind, an accelerating elevator, a toboggan sliding down a hill, trays pushing cartons, and gliders connected by a string on an air track.

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28 views

PH AP1 Unit 2 Lesson 2

This document provides examples and explanations for applying Newton's laws of motion. It includes 12 examples of using Newton's first law to analyze situations of static equilibrium and Newton's second law to solve for acceleration when forces cause motion. The examples involve situations like a gymnast hanging from a rope, forces on chains suspending an engine, a car on a ramp, hauling granite blocks up a slope, the motion of an iceboat in wind, an accelerating elevator, a toboggan sliding down a hill, trays pushing cartons, and gliders connected by a string on an air track.

Uploaded by

yangjoseph2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AP Physics 1

Unit 2 – Dynamics
Section 2 – Applying Newton’s Laws of Motion – First and Second Laws of
Motion
Learning Goals

 How to use Newton’s first law to solve problems involving


the forces that act on a body in equilibrium.
 How to use Newton’s second law to solve problems
involving the forces that act on an accelerating body.
Using Newton’s First Law: Particles in
Equilibrium
Example 1

A gymnast with mass suspends herself from the lower end of


a hanging rope of negligible mass. The upper end of the rope
is attached to the gymnasium ceiling.
(a) What is the gymnast’s weight?
(b) What
force (magnitude and direction) does the rope exert
on her?
(c) What is the tension at the top of the rope?
Example 2

Find the tension at each end of the rope in example 1 if the


weight of the rope is 120 N.
Example 3

In the figure, a car engine with weight w


hangs from a chain that is linked at ring O to
two other chains, one fastened to the ceiling
and the other to the wall. Find expressions for
the tension in each of the three chains in
terms of w. The weight of the ring and chains
are negligible compared with the weight of
the engine.
Example 4

A car of weight w rests on a slanted ramp


attached to a trailer. Only a cable running
from the trailer to the car prevents the car
from rolling of the ramp. (The car’s brakes
are off and its transmission is in neutral.)
Find the tension in the cable and the force
that the ramp exerts on the car’s tires.
Example 5

Your firm needs to haul granite blocks up a 15 slope out of a quarry and
to lower dirt into the quarry to fill the holes. You design a system in
which a granite block on a cart with steel wheels (weight w1, including
both block and cart) is pulled uphill to steel rails by a dirt-filled bucket
(weight w2, including both dirt and bucket) that descends vertically into
the quarry. How must the weights w1 and w2 be related in order for the
system to move with constant speed? Ignore friction in the pulley and
wheels, and ignore the weight of the cable.
Using Newton’s Second Law: Dynamics
of Particles
Example 6

An iceboat is at rest on a frictionless


horizontal surface. Due to the blowing
wind, 4.0 s after the iceboat is
released, it is moving to the right at 6.0
m/s (about 22 km/h, or 13 mi/h). What
constant horizontal force Fw does the
wind exert on the iceboat? The
combined mass of iceboat and rider is
200 kg.
Example 7

Suppose a constant horizontal friction force with magnitude


100 N opposes the motion of the iceboat in example 6. In
this case, what constant force Fw must the wind exert on the
iceboat to cause the same constant x-acceleration
Example 8

An elevator and its load have a combined


mass of 800 kg. The elevator is initially
moving downward at 10.0 m/s; it slows to
a stop with constant acceleration in a
distance of 25.0 m. What is the tension T in
the supporting cable while the elevator is
being brought to rest?
Example 9

A 50.0 kg woman stands on a bathroom


scale while riding in the elevator in
example 8. What is the reading on the
scale?
Apparent Weight and Apparent
Weightlessness
 To generalize, when a passenger with mass m rides in an
elevator with y-acceleration , a scale shows the
passenger’s apparent weight to be

 The extreme case occurs when the elevator has a


downward acceleration that is, when it is in free fall.
 Similarly, an astronaut orbiting the earth with spacecraft
experiences apparent weightlessness.
Example 10

A toboggan loaded with


students (total weight w)
slides down a snow-
covered hill that slopes at
a constant angle . The
toboggan is well waxed,
so there is virtually no
friction. What is its
acceleration?
Example 11

You push a 1.00 kg food tray through the


cafeteria line with a constant 9.0 N
force. The tray pushes a 0.50 kg milk
carton. The tray and carton slides on a
horizontal surface so greasy that friction
can be ignored. Find the acceleration of
the tray and carton and the horizontal
force that the tray exerts on the carton.
Example 12

The figure shows an air-track glider with


mass m1 moving on a level, frictionless
air track in the physics lab. The glider is
connected to a lab weight with mass m2
by a light, flexible, non-stretching string
that passes over a stationary, frictionless
pulley. Find the acceleration of each
body and the tension in the string.

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