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Week 4

Uploaded by

arcilladom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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General Physics 1

Kinematics:
Motion in more than
One Dimension
Sir Brian V. Nazareno
01

PROJECTILE
MOTION
PROJECTILE
MOTION
 A very common example of
two-dimensional motion is
projectile motion.
 Two-dimensional (2D) motion
means motion that takes place in two
different directions (or coordinates)
at the same time.
PROJECTILE
MOTION
 A projectile is an object that is thrown
horizontally or at some angle with respect
to the horizontal.
 It is a combination of uniform horizontal
motion and free fall.

 These two components of projectile


motion are independent from each other.
PROJECTILE
MOTION
 It is a combination of uniform horizontal
motion and free fall.

 A soccer ball being kicked,


 A basketball being thrown, and
 a bullet fired from a rifle
ARE ALL PROJECTILES.
PROJECTILE
MOTION
 The curved path of a projectile is called
trajectory.

 The object that being thrown is called


projectile.

• For a projectile fired from the ground at an angle θ above


the horizontal, the projectile rises to some maximum height
and then descends.

 This horizontal displacement is called range.


PROJECTILE
MOTION
Identify the projectile, trajectory and
range;
PROJECTILE
MOTION
The range is dependent on the angle of
projection.
PROJECTILE
It can be shown that MOTION
maximum range occurs when the
angle of projection id 45°. It can also be shown that
same ranges are obtained for two identical projectiles
fired at equal initial speeds if their angles of projection
are complementary.
Sample Problem
A ball thrown horizontally from the edge of the top of a
building 49.0m high strikes the ground 24.5m from
the foot of the building.
Find the;
a. time it takes the ball to reach the ground,
b. initial velocity of the ball, and
c. velocity just before the ball strikes the ground.
a) time it takes the ball to reach the ground.

√
Let x be the value of the height of
2𝑥
𝑡= the building.
𝑎 Let a be the value of the free fall.
b) initial velocity of the ball,
Let vo be the initial velocity of the ball. Resolving this velocity
into its horizontal and vertical components,
vox = vo cos θ and voy = vo sin θ
Since the ball is thrown horizontally, θ = 0. Hence,
vox = vo cos 0 = vo and voy = vo sin 0 = 0
Manipulating the equation x = voxt to solve for vox and substituting
values,
b) initial velocity of the ball,

𝑥 Let x be the value of the ball as it


𝑣 𝑜𝑥 = strikes to the ground.
𝑡 Let t be the value of time

24.5 𝑚
𝑣 𝑜𝑥 = =7.75 𝒎/ 𝒔
3.16 𝑠
c) velocity just before the ball strikes the
ground.
Substituting values, the vertical component vy is
Let be 0
Let be the value of free fall
Let be the value of time

( 𝑚
(
) )
𝑣 𝑦 =0+ − 9.8 2 3.16 𝑠 =− 30.968
𝑠
𝒎
𝒔
𝒐𝒓 − 31 𝒎/ 𝒔
𝑣 𝑥 =7.75 𝒎/ 𝒔

 Solve for the magnitude


and direction
𝑣 𝑥 =7.75 𝒎/ 𝒔
 Solve for the magnitude
=

𝑑 𝑅 =√ ( 7.75 𝑚/𝑠 ) + ( −31 𝑚/ 𝑠 )


2 2
𝑣 𝑥 =7.75 𝒎/ 𝒔
 Solve for the direction

𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
| − 31 𝑚/ 𝑠
7.75 𝑚/ 𝑠 |
𝛉 =75.96 ° 𝒐𝒓 76 °
Therefore, v = 32m/s at 76° below the
horizontal.
02

CIRCULAR
MOTION
CIRCULAR
MOTION
• Another type of two-dimensional motion worth
studying about is circular motion.

 A car rounding a rotunda, the recreational rides


such as Ferris wheels and carousels, satellites
orbiting the Earth, and a yo-yo whirling on a
string are examples of circular motion.
CIRCULAR
•
MOTION
As shown in the figure, the velocity v of a body
moving in a circular path with radius of curvature r at
any instant is directed tangentially. Hence, it is called
tangential velocity.
CIRCULAR
MOTION
• The direction of tangential velocity is always changing but
its magnitude may or may not be constant.

 Circular motion where the speed (magnitude of


velocity) is constant is called uniform circular motion

 If the speed varies, then it is called nonuniform circular


motion.
CIRCULAR
•
MOTION
Acceleration may be resolved into two components:
(1) a component tangent to the circular path and
(2) a component directed toward the center of the circle.

 The first component is called tangential acceleration,


represented by at which may be parallel or antiparallel to
the tangential velocity v. The second component is called
radial or centripetal acceleration, represented by ar
which is perpendicular to the circular path.
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A child sits at a distance of 3.0m from the axis of a merry-


go-round in an amusement park. If the merry-go-round makes
2 revolution in 5.0s,

find the

(a) tangential speed and

(b) centripetal acceleration of the child.


SAMPLE
PROBLEM
(a) tangential speed

a. Let the radius of curvature be r = 3.0m. The distance that the child
travels if the merry-go-round makes 2.0 revolution is two times the
circumference of her circular path. Recall that circumference = 2πr.
Thus,

total distance traveled = 2(2πr) = 2 [2(3.14) (3.0m)] =


37.68m
SAMPLE
PROBLEM
(a) tangential speed

total distance traveled = 2(2πr) = 2 [2(3.14) (3.0m)] = 37.68m

The tangential speed v of the child will then be

v = = = 7.536 m/s or 7.5 m/s


SAMPLE PROBLEM
(b) centripetal acceleration of the
Let be the value of the tangential speed
child.𝒗𝟐
𝒂𝒓 = Let be the value of the radius.
𝒓

m/s2 or 19m/s2
QUESTION
S?

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