GSM Based Transformer Fault

Detection System
Under the supervision of Mr. Kazi Md. Towhidul Alam
Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Port City International University

Presented by
Name: Kapil Das
ID: EEE-01506365
Name: Mohammad Farhanul Hassan
ID: EEE-01506366
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 Presentation Outline
 Motivation
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Literature Review
 Equipment
 Block Diagram
 Flow chart
 Circuit Diagram
 Hardware Implementation
 Result
 Component cost
 Component Power
 Limitation & Future Plan
 Conclusion
 Reference
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 Motivation
Bangladesh is a developing country. Electrical power sector also
developing day by day as like all other sector. One of the important part
of the electrical power system is the transformer. As country is
developing need of electricity also rising rapidly. So protection of the
transformer is also important for uninterrupted power supply. It is
important to continues observation to the transformer that, is there any
fault or emergency situation that can be dangerous. From this we come
with the idea of Gsm based transformer fault detection system.

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 Introduction
This project is about design and implementation to monitor and record
key parameters of a distribution transformer like over voltage oil level
and ambient temperature and Fire detection. It is installed at the
distribution transformer site and the above parameters are recorded
using the analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded system.
The obtained parameters are processed and recorded in the system
memory. If any abnormality or an emergency situation occurs the
system sends SMS messages to the mobile phones containing
information about the abnormality according to some predefined
instructions programmed in the microcontroller.

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 Objectives
• Over load detection.
• Over temperature detection.
• Fire detection on the line.
• Oil level detection.

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 Literature Review
Serial Article Author Out Come
No.

01 GSM based Distribution Transformer Sharma, Gsm based transformer

Monitoring System Ansuman and Behura monitoring.

02 Fault Detection in Transformer P. Sunitha Emi; R. Fault detection by sensor and

Using GSM Technology Sivasankari; P. Ranjith GSM
Kumar; R. Prabha; J.
Jayageetha; A. Karhikeyan

03 GSM Based Fault Detection in T. Gunasekar; V. Aarthi; K.L. Transmission line fault
Three Phase Power Distribution Bharanidharan; S. Ashwin; V. detection.
System Venkat; T. Mohanasundaram

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 Equipment
• Arduino.
• Flam sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• I2C Display
• LM35
• Transformer.
• Ultrasonic sensor
• GSM
• SIM
• Smartphone
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 Arduino
Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible,
and easy-to-use programmable open-
source microcontroller board that can
be integrated into a variety of
electronic projects. This board can be
interfaced with other Arduino boards,
Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards
and can control relays, LEDs, servos,
and motors as an output.

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 Flam sensor
A flame-sensor is one kind of detector
which is mainly designed for detecting
as well as responding to the occurrence
of a fire or flame by infrared ray. The
flame detection response can depend
on its fitting. It includes an alarm
system, a natural gas line, propane & a
fire suppression system.

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 Voltage sensor
A voltage sensor is a sensor used to
calculate and monitor the amount of
voltage in an object. Voltage sensors can
determine the AC voltage or DC voltage
level. The input of this sensor is the
voltage, whereas the output is the
switches, analog voltage signal, a current
signal, or an audible signal. Here we use
potentiometer as voltage sensor to show
voltage hike and drop.

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 LM35
LM35 sensor uses the basic principle of a
diode, where as the temperature increases,
the voltage across a diode increases at a
known rate. By precisely amplifying the
voltage change, it is easy to generate an
analog signal that is directly proportional to
temperature

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 Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is an
instrument that measures
the distance to an object
using ultrasonic sound
waves. An ultrasonic sensor
uses a transducer to send
and receive ultrasonic pulses
that relay back information
about an object's proximity

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 GSM
SIM900A is an ultra compact and
reliable wireless module. This is a
complete GSM / GPRS module in a
SMT type and designed with a very
powerful single-chip processor
integrating core, allowing you to
benefit from small dimensions and
cost-effective solutions

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 Block Diagram
Sensing Fault (Over heat, oil level,
Transformer
fire, over voltage)

Display at Station Microcontroller

GSM

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 Flow chart

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 Circuit Diagram

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 Hardware Implementation

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 Result

High Temperature High Voltage

Oil Level Low Fire On Line

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 Component Cost
Component Name Price(tk)
Arduino Uno 650
Ultrasonic Sensor 350
Lm35 220
Flame Sensor 140
Potentio meter 35
Transformer 500
GSM 2200

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 Component Power (input/output)
Component Name Input voltage Input Output Voltage
V Current(AMP)
Arduino Uno 7-12v 1 0-5v
Ultrasonic Sensor 5v 1 0-5v
Lm35 5v 1 0-5v
Flame Sensor 5v 1 0-5v
Potentio meter 5v 1 0-5v
Transformer 220 1-3 15v
GSM 5v 2 5v

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 Limitation & Future Plan
Limitation
• Can not Detect fault by IOT.
• Warning send to nearest Station and single person.

Future Plan
• Use IOT to detect fault from far.
• Use Artificial Intelligence.
• Use PLC.

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 Conclusion

Bangladesh is a developing country. Electrical power sector also

developing day by day as like all other sector. One of the important part
of the electrical power system is the transformer. As country is
developing need of electricity also rising rapidly. So protection of the
transformer is also important for uninterrupted power supply. It is
important to continues observation to the transformer that, is there any
fault or emergency situation that can be dangerous.

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 References:
[1] A.-R. Al-Ali; A. Khaliq; M. Arshad, “GSM based Distribution
Transformer Monitoring System”, Proceedings of the 12th IEEE
Mediterranean Electro technical Conference
[2] P. Sunitha Emi; R. Sivasankari; P. Ranjith Kumar; R. Prabha; J.
Jayageetha; A. Karhikeyan,"Fault Detection in Transformer Using GSM
Technology", 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced
Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS)
[3] M.E.A. Hijazi; A. Basak , ”Analysis of integral method
for fault detection in transformers” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
( Volume: 29, Issue: 6, Nov. 1993)

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 Thank You

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