Scribd
Upload
23 views

Lab 1 Introduction To Biology Autosaved

Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments. It is divided into many specialized fields that study topics like morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution of organisms. All living things share several key characteristics including being made of cells, growing and developing, reproducing, responding to stimuli, using metabolism to transform energy, maintaining homeostasis, and adapting to their environments. Biology is studied at different levels of organization from atoms and molecules up through cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.

Uploaded by

hazharomar958
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Lab 1 Introduction To Biology Autosaved

Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments. It is divided into many specialized fields that study topics like morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution of organisms. All living things share several key characteristics including being made of cells, growing and developing, reproducing, responding to stimuli, using metabolism to transform energy, maintaining homeostasis, and adapting to their environments. Biology is studied at different levels of organization from atoms and molecules up through cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.

Uploaded by

hazharomar958
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Tishk international university

Faculty of science
Medical analysis Department
Biology Module: Practical
What is biology?
• Biology (Greek or Latin origin)
• Bios = life
• Logos = study of

• Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living organisms.

• The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that
cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, interaction
with environment and distribution.
Characteristics of Life
6.
1. Metabolism
Cellular composition
2.
7. Specific
Growth organization
3.
8. Homeostasis
Movement
4.
9. Responsiveness
Reproduction
5. Adaptation
1-Cellular Composition
• Made up of at least one cell

• Unicellular - made of one cell (bacteria, amoeba, paramecium)

• Multicellular - made up of two or more cells (plants, fungi, animals)


2-Growth and development
• Growth in means increase in the mass of
an organism.
• Increase in cell size (unicellular) and/or an
increase in cell number (multicellular)
3- Movement:
– Internal movement: Characteristic of all life.

– Locomotion: Self-propelled movement from point

A to point B. Not observed in all life forms


4- Reproduction
• Asexual- cell division (mitosis)—one cell becomes two Ex:
bacteria

• Sexual- union of sex cells (sperm and egg) Ex: plants and
animals
5- Adaptation
Adaptation refers to the process of adjusting in behavior, physiology,
or structure of organisms to become more suited to an environment.
in order to improve their chances at survival in that environment.
e.g. The light bones of flying birds and mammals, and the long
daggerlike canine teeth of carnivores.
6- Energy use and metabolism:
• All organisms must take in and transform energy to do work, to live.
• Living things get their energy from food
• Most plants and some unicellular organisms use light energy from the Sun to make their
own food and fuel their activities.
• Organisms that cannot make their own food get energy by consuming other organisms.

Metabolism: All chemical reactions and


energy transformations, essential for
growth, maintenance, and reproduction.
7- Specific organization

All living things are both complex and


highly ordered. Your body is composed of
many different kinds of cells, each
containing many complex molecular
structures.
Many nonliving things may also be
complex, but they do not exhibit this
degree of ordered complexity
8- Regulation (Homeostasis)
• External environment may change, but internal environment

remains fairly constant. All organisms maintain relatively


constant internal conditions that are different from their
environment, a process called homeostasis
9- Responsiveness
• Reaction(s) to various stimuli

Examples of stimuli: light, heat, pH,


vibration, smell.
Some Branches of Biology
Branch Studies

Paleontology history of life using fossils

Molecular biology and Biochemistry biological processes at the molecular and chemical level.

Microbiology structure and function of single-celled organisms.

Neurobiology the nervous system

Zoology animals

Botany plants

Genetics heredity and genes

Ecology how organisms interact with other organisms and with their environment

Biotechnology how to use biological processes, for example manipulating micro-organisms to produce
medicines

Forensic Biology applications of biology to law

Physiology functions of organisms and their parts

And many more!


Levels of Organization of living things

• The organization of the biological world is hierarchical—


that is, each level builds on the level below it.
• Levels of biological organization:

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Subcellular organelles
4. Cells
4. Tissues*
5. Organs*
6. Organ systems*
7. Organism: May consist of a single cell or a
complex multicellular organism.
* Level of organization not found in all
organisms
Levels of organization beyond organism:

8. The Population level: Group of organisms of the same


species that interact with one another.

All populations of a particular kind of organism


together form a species, its members similar in
appearance and able to interbreed.
9. The Community : Several different populations living
together in same area (e.g.: lake, forest, jungle).
10. The ecosystem level : Interactions of community
with non-living environment (air, water, soil).
At the highest tier of biological organization, a biological community
and the physical habitat within which it lives together constitute an
ecological system, or ecosystem. For example, the soil, water, and
atmosphere of a mountain ecosystem interact with the biological
community of a mountain meadow in many important ways.

11. Biosphere(Ecosphere): All ecosystems on planet


earth: It is made up of the parts of earth where life exists and

it include lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.

You might also like