EXPLORING

RESEARCH
YOUR RESEARCH TITLE:
Characteristics
It should reflect
It should predict 3 the tone of the
1 the content of the
research paper.
writing

It should contain
important
1.It should keywords that will
2 be interesting to 4 make it easier to be
the reader. located during a
keyword search
Typically, the final title you submit to your professor is
created after the research is complete so that the title
accurately captures what was done.

The working title should be developed early in the

research process because it can help anchor the focus of
the study in much the same way the research problem
does. Referring back to the working title can help you
reorient yourself back to the main purpose of the study if
you feel yourself drifting off on a tangent while writing.
 Effective titles in academic research
papers have several characteristics

• Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.

• Avoid using abbreviations.
• Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader
interest.
• Use current nomenclature from the field of study.
• Identify key variables, both dependent and independent.
• May reveal how the paper will be organized.
• Suggest a relationship between variables which supports the
major hypothesis.
 Effective titles in academic research
papers have several characteristics

• Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.

• Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions.
• Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the form of a
question.
• Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words
capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words
of the title are also capitalized.
• In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an exclamation mark.
However, a title or subtitle can be in the form of a question.
 RATIONALE
• Stated the origin of the problem
• Described the circumstances which
suggested the research (an insight on how
the project came about
• Pointed out the project if coming up with a
modification to an old system/product’s flaws
• Explicitly and clearly stated the real life
problem
 RATIONALE
• The rationale of the study is the reason for
why the study was conducted (in an article or
thesis) or should be conducted (in a proposal).
That means the study rationale should explain
to the reader or examiner why the study
is/was necessary. It is also sometimes called
“purpose” or “justification” of a study.
 RATIONALE
• The rationale of the study links the background of
the study to your specific research question and
justifies the need for the latter on the basis of the
former. In brief, you first provide and discuss
existing data on the topic, and then you tell the
reader, based on the background evidence you just
presented, where you identified gaps or issues
and why you think it is important to address those.
 Theoretical/
Conceptual Framework
• Dependent variable is measured as outcome variable.
• A conceptual framework is a visual representation in research that
helps to illustrate the expected relationship between cause and effect.
• It is also called a conceptual model or research model. Different
variables and the assumed relationships between those variables are
included in the model and reflect the expectations.
• This framework is a tool that is used prior to a study. This makes a
conceptual framework an analytical tool. It is used to make conceptual
distinctions and bring together different ideas. Strong conceptual
frameworks lead to an actual realization of the intended objective.
 Theoretical/
Conceptual Framework
• A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between
your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your
research process and maps out how they come together to draw
coherent conclusions.
• A conceptual framework is a representation of the relationship you
expect to see between your variables, or the characteristics or
properties that you want to study.
• Conceptual frameworks can be written or visual and are generally
developed based on a literature review of existing studies about your
topic
 Statement of the Problem
• Presented the objectives of the research through the main
problem and its sub-problems
• Expressed researchable goals in complete and fully
communicative statements
• Stated what the proponents are actually attempting to do and
how it solves the real life problem
• Directly started with the main goal (what the researchers plan
to do)
• Also stated the expected measurable outcomes of the research
that would indicate the project’s success
 Assumptions
• What beliefs you as the researcher bring to
the study.
• Use delimitations to address how the study
will be narrowed in scope.
• May be about the population of study, the
instrument, data gathering method,
previous knowledge, etc.
 Assumptions
• Examples of assumptions (or delimitations) from student
research:
The following assumptions are made regarding this study:
1. The instrument to be used will elicit reliable responses.
2. The respondents will fully understand the questions they will be
asked.
3. The respondents will provide honest expressions of their
knowledge.
4. The researcher will present the 4-day in-class arid lands curriculum
in a consistent manner.
Assumptions
In conducting this study the following assumptions
were made. It was assumed that:
1. The participants in the study freely provided the
researcher with the ratings of importance regarding
the professional education competencies.
2. The respondents based their ratings on the
importance of the professional education
competencies objectively.
 Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a statement
that can be tested by
scientific research. If you
want to test a relationship
between two or more
variables, you need to
write hypotheses before
you start your experiment
or data collection.
 Significance of the Study
• The significance of the study is basically a written statement that
explains why your research was important. It justifies why your
research was needed, the impact of your research in your field,
its contribution, and how others (audience) would benefit from
it.
• Also referred to as the rationale of the study, the significance of
the study is important to communicate why your research is
important to your reader. It is important to make clear the
significance of your study for easy comprehension by the
readers.
 Scope and Limitations
• Scope and limitations are two
terms that address the details of
a research project. The term
scope refers to the problem or
issue that the researcher wants
to study with the project.
Limitations is the term used for
constraints that impact the
researcher’s ability to
effectively study the scope of
the project.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Actually, there are two types of definition
of terms to use on your research.-
Conceptual meaning and Operational
meaning-
• Conceptual terms/meanings are based
on what a dictionary or an
encyclopedia tells.
• On the other hand, Operational
terms/meanings are based on how the
researchers used a term on their study.-
• The terms should be arranged
alphabetically and should be defined
lexically and/or operationally.
References
• References
• https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185911
• https://www.enago.com/academy/write-irresistible-research-paper-title/
• https://blog.wordvice.com/rationale-of-the-study/
• https://www.toolshero.com/problem-solving/conceptual-framework/
• https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/conceptual-framework/
• https://ag.arizona.edu/classes/aed615/documents/Chapter%20One%20of%20Your%20Thesis1.ppt
• https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/hypothesis/
• https://afribary.com/knowledge/how-to-write-significance-of-the-study-in-a-project/
• https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/scope-and-delimitations#:~:text=The%20scope%20details%20h
ow%20in,be%20included%20in%20the%20investigation
.
• https://www.reference.com/world-view/scope-limitations-research-93aa9f6a2e9c469
• https://www.academia.edu/8740184/How_to_Write_the_Definition_of_Terms_in_Chapter_1_of_a_Thesis